(1) Very complete basic knowledge of fabrics worth learning – identification of various fibers
1. Visual inspection method of hand feel: This method is suitable for fabric raw materials in the form of loose fibers.
(1) Cotton fiber is shorter and thinner than ramie fiber and other hemp craft fibers and wool fibers, and is often accompanied by various impurities and defects.
(2). Hemp fiber feels thicker and harder.
(3). Wool fiber is curly and elastic.
(4). Silk is filament, long and slender, and has very perfect luster.
(5). Among chemical fibers, only viscose fiber has a large difference in strength between dry and wet states.
(6). Spandex yarn has extremely high elasticity, and its length can be stretched to more than five times at room temperature.
2. Microscopic observation method: Identify fibers based on their longitudinal and cross-sectional morphological characteristics.
(1) Cotton fiber: cross-sectional shape: round waist, with a mid-waist; vertical shape: flat belt-shaped, with natural twists.
(2), Linen (ramie, flax, jute) fiber: cross-sectional shape: waist-round or polygonal, with a middle cavity; vertical shape: with horizontal sections and vertical lines.
(3) Wool fiber: Cross-sectional shape: round or nearly round, some with pith; Longitudinal shape: scales on the surface.
(4), Rabbit hair fiber: Cross-sectional shape: dumbbell-shaped, with pith; Longitudinal shape: scales on the surface.
(5). Mulberry silk fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular triangle; longitudinal shape: perfectly smooth and straight, with longitudinal stripes.
(6). General viscose fiber: cross-sectional shape: zigzag shape, sheath-core structure; longitudinal shape: longitudinal grooves.
(7), rich and strong fiber: cross-sectional shape: less toothed, or round, oval; longitudinal shape: smooth surface.
(8) Acetate fiber: cross-sectional shape: trilobal or irregular zigzag; vertical shape: longitudinal stripes on the surface.
(9) Polyacrylonitrile fiber: cross-sectional shape: round, dumbbell-shaped or leaf-shaped; longitudinal shape: smooth or striped surface.
(10), Chloropropyl fiber: Cross-sectional shape: nearly round; Longitudinal shape: smooth surface.
(11) Spandex fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular shape, including round and potato-shaped; longitudinal shape: dark surface with unclear bone-shaped stripes.
(12), polyester, nylon, polypropylene fiber: cross-sectional shape: round or special-shaped; Vertical shape: smooth.
(13), vinylon fiber: cross-sectional shape: round waist, sheath-core structure; longitudinal shape: 1~2 grooves.
3. Density gradient method: It identifies fibers based on the characteristics of different densities of various fibers.
(1). Prepare a fixed density gradient liquid, generally using xylene carbon tetrachloride system.
(2) To calibrate the density gradient tube, the precision ball method is commonly used.
(3), measurement and calculation, deoiling and drying the fiber to be tested After drying and defoaming pretreatment, the pellets are made into pellets and put into balance, and the fiber density is measured based on the fiber suspension position.
4. Fluorescence method: Use ultraviolet fluorescence lamp to illuminate the fibers, and identify the fibers according to the different properties of the fibers and the different fluorescence colors of the fibers. The fluorescent colors of various fibers are specifically displayed:
(1), cotton, wool fiber: light yellow
(2), Silk finished cotton fiber: light red
(3), jute (raw) fiber: purple brown
(4), jute, silk, nylon fiber: light blue
(5 ), viscose: white with purple shades
(6), finished viscose fiber: light yellow purple shade
(7), polyester fiber: white finish blue sky finish Very bright
(8). Vinyl fiber has complete fiber: light yellow purple shade.
5. Combustion method: According to the different chemical compositions of fibers, the combustion characteristics are also different, so that the major categories of fibers can be roughly distinguished. The combustion characteristics of several common fibers are compared and distinguished as follows:
(1), cotton, linen, viscose fiber, cupro fiber: close to the flame: do not shrink or melt; contact with the flame: burn quickly; leave the flame : Continue to burn; Odor: The smell of burning paper; Residue characteristics: A small amount of gray-black or gray-white ash.
(2), Silk, wool fibers: close to flame: curled and melted; contact with flame: curled, melted, burned; away from flame: burn slowly and sometimes self-extinguishing; Odor: the smell of burning hair; residue Physical characteristics: loose and crispy black particles or coke-like.
(3), polyester fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact with the flame: melting, smoking, slow burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn, sometimes self-extinguishing; Odor: very aromatic and sweet; residual Physical characteristics: Hard black beads.
(4). Nylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: amino smell; residue characteristics: hard light brown transparent beads .
(5), polyacrylonitrile fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: spicy; residue characteristics : Black irregular beads, fragile.
(6), Polypropylene fiber: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn; odor: paraffin smell; residue characteristics: gray-white hard transparent beads.
(7) Spandex fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting and burning; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: peculiar smell; residue characteristics: white gelatin.
(8), Chloropropyl fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact with the flame: melting, burning, black smoke; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: pungent odor; residue characteristics: deep Brown lumps.
(9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: unique fragrance; residue characteristics: irregular burnt Brown lump.
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AAAolor: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, ‘Microsoft Yahei’, Simsun; line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);”>(4), nylon Fiber: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: amino smell; residue characteristics: hard light brown transparent beads.
(5), Polyacrylonitrile fiber: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: spicy; residue characteristics: black irregular beads, brittle.
(6), polypropylene fiber: close to the flame: melting; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn; odor: paraffin smell; residue characteristics: gray-white hard transparent beads.
(7) Spandex fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting and burning; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: peculiar smell; residue characteristics: white gelatin.
(8) Chloropropyl fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning, and black smoke; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: pungent odor; residue characteristics: dark brown lumps.
(9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: unique fragrance; residue characteristics: irregular burnt Brown lump.
AAASDFERHYTJTI
Disclaimer:
Disclaimer: Some of the texts, pictures, audios, and videos of some articles published on this site are from the Internet and do not represent the views of this site. The copyrights belong to the original authors. If you find that the information reproduced on this website infringes upon your rights, please contact us and we will change or delete it as soon as possible.
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