(7) Very complete basic knowledge of fabrics worth learning – fabric printing, dyeing and finishing
Fabric printing, dyeing and finishing are particularly important processes. Once upon a time, my country’s fabric finishing was particularly backward, but now it should be said that there has been a major breakthrough.
This lecture mainly discusses the coloring, printing and finishing of fabrics. I include yarn-dyed fabrics in the fabric category and will not introduce them here.
1. Coloring of fabrics. There are two main methods for coloring fabrics. One is for extensive coloring (conventional coloring), which is mainly to color fabrics. Fabric items are placed
Chemical dye solution processing, another method is to use paint, the paint is made into tiny insoluble colored particles to adhere to the fabric (the coloring of the original solution of fiber raw materials is not included here) List). Dyes are relatively complex organic substances and there are many types of them.
1. Acid dyes, mostly suitable for protein fibers, nylon fibers and silk. It is characterized by bright color, but poor washing fastness and excellent dry cleaning fastness. It is widely used in natural dead coloring.
2. Cationic dyes (alkaline fuel), suitable for polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester, nylon, cellulose and protein fibers. It is characterized by bright color and is very suitable for man-made fibers, but its fastness to washing and dyeing of natural cellulose and protein fabrics is very poor.
3. Direct dyes are suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. The washing fastness is relatively poor and the fastness is different. However, the washing fastness of modified direct dyes will be very good. improvement.
4. Disperse dyes are suitable for viscose, polyacrylonitrile fiber, nylon, polyester, etc. The washing fastness varies, with polyester being better and viscose being worse.
5. Azo fuel (Naftol dye), suitable for cellulose fabrics with bright colors, more suitable for bright colors.
6. Reactive dyes are mostly used in cellulose fiber fabrics and less often in proteins. It is characterized by bright color, durability, good washing and rubbing fastness.
7. Sulfur dyes are suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. They are dark in color, mainly navy blue, black and brown. They have excellent durability and washing fastness, but poor chlorine bleaching fastness. Long-term storage Fabrics can damage fibers.
8. Vat dyes, suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics, have good durability and washing fastness, and are resistant to chlorine bleaching and other oxidative bleaching.
9. Coating is suitable for all fibers. It is not a dye, but mechanically adheres to the fibers through resin. Dark fabrics will become hard, but the color registration is very precise, and most of them have complete fastness. Good, wash fastness is good, especially medium and light colors.
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