How to effectively evaluate flame-retardant fabrics and flame-retardant textiles

Whether the fabrics are chemical fibers or pure cotton textiles, these fabrics are almost all flammable. Fabric fibers containing special fire-retardant treatments will also burn in flames or high temperatures. However, fire-retardant fabrics that have been treated will not burn due to flames or high temperatures. Different finishing methods will show different degrees of burning speed and cessation of burning after leaving the source. Therefore, fire-resistant fabric is not the so-called fabric that cannot be burned. With the progress of urban modernization, people’s awareness of fire prevention of fabrics is increasing day by day. In order to reduce fire accidents caused by fabrics and avoid unnecessary losses, the testing of fabric burning properties has attracted attention from various countries in recent years: according to the different characteristics of fabrics Purpose, the fire protection regulations formulated by various countries also started from aircraft fabrics, carpets and building materials, and expanded to pajamas, furniture sofa covers, scented cushions and interior decorations: the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and other countries also stipulate in the form of law: women Work clothes and pajamas worn by children, the elderly and the disabled must be marked “fireproof”. Our country’s work in this area is also constantly increasing its efforts. The evaluation of the flammability of fabrics is mainly considered from two aspects: on the one hand, the ignitability, that is, the level of ignition point, which indicates the difficulty of the fabric catching fire; on the other hand, the burning performance of the fabric, that is, the fire resistance. There are two criteria for evaluating the burning performance of fabrics: one is based on the burning rate of the fabric. That is, the fabric after fireproofing is exposed to the flame for a certain period of time according to the prescribed method, and then the flame is removed, and the time for the fabric to continue burning with flames and the time for burning without flames is measured, as well as the degree of damage to the fabric. The shorter the flame burning time and the flameless burning time, and the lower the degree of damage, the better the fire resistance of the fabric; on the contrary, it means the fabric has poor fire resistance. The other is to judge by the oxygen index (also called extreme oxygen index) method: fabrics require oxygen to burn. The oxygen index (LOI) is an expression of the oxygen required for fiber burning. Therefore, the fire resistance of fabrics can be determined by measuring the oxygen index. Performance, the higher the oxygen index, the higher the oxygen concentration required to maintain combustion, which means the more difficult it is to burn: This index can be expressed by the small volume percentage of oxygen required for the sample to maintain candle-like combustion in a nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas: LOI= Oxygen concentration/(oxygen concentration + nitrogen concentration) × 100% If the oxygen index is less than 20%, it is a flammable fiber; if the oxygen index is between 20 and 26%, it is a flammable fiber; if the oxygen index is between 26 and 34%, it is a flammable fiber. Combustible fiber; oxygen index above 35% is non-combustible fiber.

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