Fibers of Textile Materials (3): Functional Fibers

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Functional fiber is a fiber that meets certain special requirements and uses, that is, the fiber has certain physical and chemical properties. Not only can they respond and act passively, they can even respond and remember actively. The latter are often called smart fibers. Commonly used functional fibers include:
(1) Antistatic and conductive fiber
Antistatic fiber mainly refers to fibers that improve their conductivity by improving the hygroscopic properties of the fiber surface. A widely adopted approach is surface treatment with surfactants (i.e. antistatic agents). Conductive fibers include metal fibers, metal-coated fibers, carbon powder, metal oxidation, sulfide, iodide-doped fibers, complex conductive fibers, conductive resin PU coating and laminate fibers, and intrinsically conductive polymer fibers, etc. . Most conductive fibers protect against electromagnetic radiation.
(2) Thermal storage fiber and far-infrared fiber
Ceramic powder is applied to fibers initially to obtain heat storage and insulation effects. According to the type of ceramic powder used, there are two thermal insulation mechanisms: one is to convert sunlight into far infrared rays, and the corresponding fibers are called thermal storage fibers; the other is to radiate far infrared rays at low temperatures (close to body temperature), corresponding to The fiber is called far infrared fiber.
(3)Light-shielding fiber
PU coating or grafting on the fiber surface, or incorporating light-shielding or UV-absorbing substances into the fiber, makes light-shielding fibers. Current blackout fabrics include shirts, casual wear, workwear, uniforms, curtains, and parasols. Its ultraviolet shielding rate can reach more than 95%.
(4) Fireproof fiber
Fiber fire prevention can achieve the purpose of fire prevention by improving the thermal stability of fiber materials, changing the thermal decomposition products of fibers, blocking and diluting oxygen, and absorbing or reducing combustion heat.
(5) Complete fiber guide
Complete fiber, referred to as complete fiber, is a carrier that converts various signals into complete signals for transmission. It is a promising material in today’s information communications. It has the characteristics of large amount of transmitted information, anti-electromagnetic interference, strong confidentiality, and light weight.
(6) Elastic fiber
It refers to a fiber with an elongation at break of 400% to 700%, an elastic recovery capacity close to 100%, and a very low initial modulus. Elastic fibers are divided into rubber elastic fibers and polyurethane elastic fibers.
(7) Antibacterial and deodorizing fiber
Refers to fiber that has bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. One is fiber with its own antibacterial effect, such as hemp, chitin fiber, metal fiber, etc.; the other is to use chelation technology, nanotechnology, powder addition technology, etc. to spin antibacterial agents into chemical fibers. Antibacterial fiber made by adding silk or modified fiber.
(8) Color-changing fiber
It refers to fibers that change color under the action of heat and heat. There are heat-sensitive color-changing fibers and heat-sensitive color-changing fibers. It is mostly used for casual clothing such as mountaineering, skiing, swimming, and skating, as well as life-saving and military invisible clothing.
(9) Fragrance fiber
It is a fiber that adds spice cotton to the fiber to give the fiber a fragrance. It can emit natural fragrance for a long time and produce a natural and fresh breath. This kind of aromatic fiber is mostly made of a sheath-core lamination structure, with the outer layer made of polyester and the core layer made of polymer mixed with natural flavors.
(10) Phase change fiber
It refers to fibers that contain phase change substances (PCM) and can store heat, cool down, and regulate heat release. They are also called air-conditioning fibers. Fibers of Fabric Materials (3): Functional Fibers

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