Fibers of Textile Materials (5): Identification of Fibers 2

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3. Microscope viewing method
The diameter of the fiber is very small, but its appearance and cross-sectional morphology are very different. Observing them with a chemical microscope or an electron microscope is a widely adopted identification method. The vertical and horizontal morphological characteristics of commonly used fibers are shown in the table below:

Fiber	Vertical form	Cross-sectional shape
cotton	Natural twist	Round waist, with a middle cavity
ramie	Horizontal and vertical lines	Round waist, with a middle cavity and cracks in the cell wall
Lax	Horizontal and vertical lines	Polygonal shape, smaller center cavity
Jute	Horizontal and vertical lines	Polygonal shape, smaller center cavity
marijuana	Horizontal and vertical lines	Irregular circular or polygonal shape, the inner cavity is linear, oval or flat
Sheep wool	The scales are mostly ring-shaped or tile-shaped	Approximately round or oval, some with marrow
Cashmere	The scales are mostly ring-shaped, with smooth edges, large spacing, and small opening angles	Mostly regular circles
Rabbit fur	The scales are mostly in the shape of diagonal strips, with single or multiple rows of hairy pulp	The villi are non-circular and have one central cavity; the coarse hair is waist-round and have multiple central cavities
Mulberry silk	Smooth	Irregular triangle
tussah silk	Smooth	Flat irregular triangle with pores inside
Viscose fiber	Multiple grooves	Zigzag shape, with skin-core structure
acetate	1~2 grooves	Plum blossom shape
Polyacrylonitrile fiber	Smooth or 1~2 grooves	Round or dumbbell-shaped
Polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc.	Smooth	circle
Spandex	Smooth	Irregular circle or potato shape
Laminated fiber	A fiber is composed of two polymers, and its cross-section is sheath-core shape, bilateral shape or island shape, etc.
Hollow fiber	Can be made into single hole, four holes, seven holes or nine holes
Special-shaped fiber	Multiple grooves	Zigzag shape, with skin-core structure
acetate	1~2 grooves	Plum blossom shape
Polyacrylonitrile fiber	Smooth or 1~2 grooves	Round or dumbbell-shaped
Polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc.	Smooth	circle
Spandex	Smooth	Irregular circle or potato shape
Laminated fiber	A fiber is composed of two polymers, and its cross-section is sheath-core shape, bilateral shape or island shape, etc.
Hollow fiber	Can be made into single hole, four holes, seven holes or nine holes
Special-shaped fiber	Can be made into various special-shaped sections, such as triangles, dumbbells, etc.

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