Cotton (5): Development process of cotton fiber
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The development process of cotton fiber can be divided into four stages: differentiation stage, elongation stage, thickening stage and twisting stage (dehydration maturity stage).
Differentiation stage: 16 hours or more before flowering, some epidermal cells of cotton ovules differentiate into fiber primitive cells and protrude from the ovule epidermis. Before and after flowering, a large number of ovule epidermal cells differentiate into fiber primitive cells and protrude. These protruding fiber primitive cells will develop into fibers in the future.
Elongation period: The primary fiber cells begin to elongate on the 2nd day after cotton blooms. They elongate quickly 5 to 15 days after fertilization, and the fibers reach their final length in 25 to 30 days. Generally, those that begin to elongate within 3 days after flowering can develop into long fibers, while those that begin to elongate after 3 days can only form short velvet covering the surface of the seeds. In addition to factors such as variety, moisture is the main factor that affects the speed and length of fiber elongation. When the soil moisture is lower than 55% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field, the fiber shortens by 2 to 3 mm. In addition, if the temperature is lower than 16℃ and the lighting is insufficient, the cotton fibers will also become shorter.
Thickening period: The thickening of cotton fiber generally starts from 20 to 25 days after flowering, and one layer is deposited every day until it stops when the bell cracks, which takes 25 to 30 days. The speed and thickness of thickening vary with species and environmental conditions. Among environmental conditions, temperature is the main factor affecting fiber thickening. In the temperature range of 20 to 30°C, the higher the temperature, the faster the thickening. When the temperature is lower than 20°C, the fiber stops thickening. Therefore, the immature cotton bolls in the later period have more fibers and are of poor quality.
Dehydration maturity period: This period is usually completed 3 to 5 days after the cotton bolls crack. The amount of fiber on cotton seeds is often expressed as “clothing finger” or “clothing cent”. Clothing refers to the fiber weight (grams) of 100 grains of cotton; clothing point refers to the percentage of lint weight to sub-cotton weight. Cotton (5): The development process of cotton fiber
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