Classification of flame retardants, new product development and prospects
Classification:
flame retardant fabric
The production and application of Flame retardants have entered a stage of steady development after experiencing vigorous development in the early 1980s. The consumption of flame retardants exceeds 1 million tons, of which 85% are additive flame retardants and 15% are reactive flame retardants. The United States, Western Europe and Japan are the three largest flame retardant markets. Among them, the United States accounts for 40% of the total market, Western Europe accounts for about 30%, and Japan accounts for about 20%. From 1989 to 1998, the average annual growth rate of flame retardant consumption in the United States, Western Europe and Japan was 2.8%-3.6%, 3%-4% and 3.8% respectively. During this period, the average annual growth rate of the flame retardant market was approximately 3.5%-4%. According to analysis and prediction, the growth of flame retardant consumption in the next few years will be similar to that in previous years. By 2003, the consumption of flame retardants will increase to about 1.4 million tons. According to rough estimates, 65%-70% of flame retardants are used in flame-retardant plastics, 20% in rubber, 5% in textiles, 3% in coatings, and 2% in paper and wood. Electronics/electrical, transportation, building materials, furniture, and textiles are the major users of flame retardants. There are several types of fabric flame retardants. Compounds commonly used as flame retardants usually include: phosphorus-containing compounds, phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compounds, ammonium salts, metal salts, boric acid and its compounds, metal oxides (especially Antimony trioxide) and halogen-containing compounds (such as hexabromocyclododecane or chlorine-containing compounds), sulfur-containing compounds, potassium hexafluorozirconate and potassium hexafluorotitanate, as well as expanded carbon-containing compounds that are easy to form scaffolds compound.
Classification of flame retardants Introduction to categories
1. Classification of flame retardants
Currently, the commonly used flame retardants are mainly three categories: organohalogen, organophosphorus and inorganic. In recent years, the use of some existing flame retardants has been restricted to varying degrees. For example, the flame retardant that was banned early is tris-(fluorocyclopropyl)phosphine oxide (TEPA), which is highly toxic and carcinogenic. In 1997, the American Institute for Cancer Research discovered that tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphonate (TRIS) is carcinogenic and highly toxic. The EU’s ban on flame retardants is based on the EU’s dangerous goods and related amendments, including three regulations: 79/663/EC, 83/264/EEC and 2003/11/EC, which all involve textiles that are in direct contact with the human body. Flame retardants. The banned flame retardants listed in 79/663/EC are: TRIS, TEPA, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), pentabromodiphenyl ether (PB-DPE) and octabromodiphenyl ether (OBDPE).
Among the above banned flame retardants, TEPA, TRIS and PBB have been banned in the 2002 edition of Oeko-Tex Standard 100. In the 2005 revision, in addition to the above three flame retardants being reiterated as banned, two more PBDPE and OBDPE were added. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Many phosphorus flame retardants can play a flame retardant role in the gas phase and condensed phase, including flame suppression, melt flow heat consumption, surface barrier formed by phosphoric acid, acid Catalytic carbonization, heat insulation and oxygen insulation of the carbon layer, etc. The relative contribution of these factors to flame retardancy is related to the type of flame-retardant polymer and fire conditions, but in many cases, it involves the use of phosphorus flame retardants. Multiple modes of action. In the condensed phase, phosphorus generates phosphoric acid during combustion and metaphosphoric acid at higher temperatures. Both phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid are dehydrating agents, which directly dehydrate and carbonize the polymer to avoid the generation of flammable gases; at the same time, coke is formed on the surface of the burning fabric. The layer, on the one hand, can block the contact between the combustible gas and the flame front, and on the other hand, it can isolate the air and heat from the surface of the burning fabric to prevent the fabric from continuing to burn. For oxygen-containing cellulose fabrics, the flame retardant effect of phosphorus-based flame retardants is very good.
2. Introduction to phosphorus flame retardants
Phosphorus flame retardants are a large family of flame retardants. They are widely used in Flame retardant of various materials, including plastics, rubber, paper, wood, and coatings. and textiles, etc., it plays a very important role in the field of flame retardancy, and its dosage is second only to halogen flame retardants.
2.1 Inorganic phosphorus flame retardant
Inorganic phosphorus flame retardants have long been used in the flame retardancy of cellulose fabrics, and their varieties mainly include red phosphorus, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, iron phosphate, etc. As early as 1786, ammonium phosphate had been used as a flame retardant. A mixture of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid is used for flame retardant fabric fibers and has good effect; a mixture of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid and sodium tungstate is also very effective for flame retardant fabrics. These inorganic flame retardants are cheap and easily soluble in water, so the finishing method is simple. However, they also have shortcomings such as large amounts of addition, poor hand feel, and poor washability. An important variety of inorganic phosphorus flame retardants is ammonium polyphosphate. Ammonium polyphosphate can be divided into low molecular weight and high molecular weight. The former is widely used in the flame retardancy of cellulose fibers. Low molecular weight polyphosphate ammonium salt is a soluble salt. When flame retardant finishing of cellulose fabrics, it often mixesUrea is mixed to enhance the flame retardant effect.
Red phosphorus is an inorganic polymer with the molecular formula (P4)n. Because it only contains phosphorus, its flame retardant efficiency is very high. The oxygen index (LOI) of polyamine containing 7.5% red phosphorus can reach 35%. The disadvantages of red phosphorus are that it easily absorbs moisture, has poor compatibility with resins, and produces PH3 gas, which dyes the flame-retardant products. These greatly limit the direct application of red phosphorus to polymer flame retardants. Therefore, some people use the method of coating the surface of red phosphorus with a protective film to prepare microencapsulated red phosphorus flame retardant. It not only has high flame retardant efficiency, has little impact on other properties of the polymer, but also has good compatibility with resin. It no longer has the disadvantages of absorbing moisture and generating PH3 gas. It also has low smoke, low toxicity and good thermal stability. At present, microencapsulated red phosphorus has been used inflame retardantcotton fabrics, etc.
Henan Special Textile has 15 years of mature protective fabric production experience and 10 years of European and American sales experience. It specializes in the production of flame retardant fabrics | flame retardant cloth | flame retardant anti-static fabrics | cotton flame retardant fabrics | CVC flame retardant fabrics | cotton nylon flame retardant fabrics | Oil-proof and waterproof fabrics | Acid and alkali resistant fabrics | Anti-static fabrics | Anti-UV fabrics | Manufacturers of functional fabrics such as anti-mosquito fabrics, consultation phone number: E-mail:
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