Classification of yarn
Yarn is a thin and long product made of fibers or filaments that are twisted twice and has tensile strength and softness. Strands are products made by combining two or more yarns and twisting them for a second time. Their fineness, strength and uniformity are improved compared to yarns. Strong is a product made of strands that are all twisted for the third time. There are many varieties of yarn and different hair styles. This article divides them according to their structural characteristics.
(1) Staple fiber yarn
The yarn composed of cotton, wool and other fibers twisted and entangled is called staple fiber yarn. Its structure is complex and slightly different due to different spinning and twisting methods. difference. Generally speaking, in the center of the yarn is a yarn core composed of dense fibers, and on the surface of the yarn, there is a fuzz area formed by exposed fiber heads. The structure of an untwisted staple fiber yarn shows that there are more and more complex interactions between the surfaces of the yarn core than filament yarns. There are also many fiber knots in low-quality spun yarns. Due to the random arrangement of the fibers, coupled with changes in twist and fineness, thick details are caused in the length direction of the yarn. With different adding methods, the quality and uniformity of staple fiber yarns vary greatly. The staple fiber yarn has a bulky structure, plump appearance, good thermal insulation and comfort; this is mainly because the gaps in the yarn contain air.
(2) Filament yarn
Multiple silk or chemical fiber monofilaments are combined and a small amount of twist is added to form a filament yarn. Smooth filament yarn (without deformation processing) is uniform, shiny and has good strength. Chemical fiber filament yarn is used as a raw material for clothing. Its characteristics are that the fabric is smooth, colorful, easy to wash and quick-drying; however, it lacks the warmth and comfort of natural fiber fabrics. Single-fiber filament yarn is often thicker and is used to make fishing nets, Carrying bags.
(3) Textured yarn
The textured yarn itself is short fiber yarn or filament yarn, but it has a larger volume than the original yarn, and is bulky and soft. It includes the following three types;
1. Bulk yarn Acrylic yarn fiber is thermoplastic. When stretched under heating, it will produce greater elongation, and then cooled and fixed to form high shrinkage fiber. This fiber is blended with ordinary fibers to make short fiber yarn. After steaming processing, the high shrinkage fibers shrink longitudinally and gather in the yarn core, while the ordinary fibers form curls or loops and bulge, making the yarn structure become Bulking indicates an increase in volume, which is bulked yarn.
2. Textured yarn is a filament yarn that has been transformed. During the production process, some methods are used to cause permanent curls, loops and wrinkles in the silk fibers, thus increasing the gaps between the fibers and bulking the yarn body. Therefore, textured yarn has the important characteristics of staple fiber yarn – it is both warm and breathable.
3. Elastic yarn Elastic yarn has a high degree of elongation (3—5 times) and recovery ability. When it is fully stretched, it acts like an ordinary filament yarn; when it is fully relaxed, it acts like a bulked yarn. The vast majority of elastic yarns are made of thermoplastic filaments (nylon). The filaments are falsely twisted and heat-set to produce permanent curls, but there is no entanglement between the filaments. Knitted underwear made from it has a snug feel.
(4) Fancy yarn (thread)
Fancy yarn has a fancy appearance for decoration, and there are many varieties and production methods. The structure of fancy yarn consists of core yarn, decorative yarn and fixed yarn. The core yarn bears strong force and is the main yarn; the decorative yarn is wrapped around the core yarn with twist to create an effect; the fixed yarn is wrapped around the outer circumference of the decorative yarn with the opposite twist direction to fix the pattern, but there are also cases where the fixed yarn is not needed. The following introduces the names and composition characteristics of several common fancy yarns (threads);
1. Knot thread The decorative yarn is twisted and wound in the same place multiple times.
2. Spiral yarn is made by merging and twisting two yarns with different fineness, twist and type.
3. Thick thread: The soft and thick fiber cluster is attached to the core yarn and wrapped with fixed yarn.
4. Circle thread: The decorative thread forms a closed loop shape and is wrapped with fixed yarn.
5. Loop thread: The decorative yarn is wound around the core thread in a spiral manner, but thrown out in circles at intervals.
6. Chenille thread is sandwiched between the core thread and the horizontal decorative yarn. The head end of the decorative yarn is loosened with plush.
7. The diamond-shaped metal wire is wrapped around the metal core wire (made of aluminum foil or metal-sprayed material covered with a transparent protective film) of another color, with thin decorative wires and solid wires, with a diamond-shaped pattern. Effect.
(5) Composite yarn (thread)
The composite yarn (thread) has a uniform outer surface and is composed of yarns of different components. There are two types:
1. Core-spun yarn. Its center yarn is covered by fiber or another yarn. For example, an elastic cord has a rubber band in its center and a yarn wrapped around its outer periphery. Another example is polyester-cotton yarn, which is wrapped in polyester filament with high quality. The cotton shell makes the yarn sewn, and the polyester core makes the yarn strong.
2. Wrapping yarn is wrapped with filaments around the outer periphery of untwisted fiber bundles (short fibers or filaments).
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