Many natural polymers have special structures and biological activities, and most of them have no toxic effects and can be naturally degraded. Modifying them to make them new fabric finishing auxiliaries will be the first choice for green fabric finishing auxiliaries in the future. development trends.
The types of natural functional finishing agents can be roughly divided into two categories: animals and plants: In the animal category, the post-processing of chitin and chitosan is attracting people’s attention. In addition, collagen, silk fibroin powder, hyaluronic acid, and squalene are being used to soften fiber clothing, keep skin warm, and retain moisture; plant functional agents include mugwort, aloe, Amaranth, licorice, etc.
Most of these natural polymers themselves are polysaccharide compounds formed by combining β-1,4-glycosides. Their main chains generally contain a large number of reactive groups such as hydroxyl groups, ketal groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups. These active groups can not only carry out etherification, carboxymethylation, alkylation, acylation, sulfonation and other reactions, but also can carry out cross-linking reactions with active groups on the surface of fiber fabrics, and can produce strong hydrogen bonds. function, thereby forming a polymer film on the surface of the fabric that can give the fabric certain functionality.
(1) Chitosan: Chitosan is very soluble in water, and the amount used when treating fabrics is very small, and the padding solution can be used repeatedly. The process is simple and easy, and only requires rolling and drying. When used for fabric finishing, in addition to maintaining the water absorption and air permeability of cotton fabrics, it also has anti-shrink and stiff functions. After deethyleneization of crab and shrimp shells (chitin), it becomes deethylene polysaccharide. The finishing agent can be used for antibacterial, deodorizing and moisturizing finishing of fabrics. It is also used as a film-forming agent for paint printing and chitosan antibacterial and mildew-proof products in China. Chitosan fibers can also be used to make clothing with far-infrared heat-sensitive properties.
(2) Squalene: Squalene is a lipid that can be extracted from the liver of shark turtles. It contains substances with high affinity to human skin and can be used as a natural functional finishing agent for fabrics. The finished fabric is safe and comfortable, and has good wettability, softness and moisture retention.
(3) Sericin: Sericin, which is recovered and refined from natural silk scouring fluid, can make fabrics soft and comfortable. Sericin contains a large amount of amino acids. The content of serine is high, accounting for about 1/3, and aspartic acid and glutamic acid are both above 10%. It has good moisturizing properties. The fabrics finished with it are soft and comfortable, and can lubricate the skin when worn.
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