After woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and other types of fabrics undergo pre-treatment, dyeing or printing processes, the original width and length of the fabric will undergo certain deformation due to moisture, heat, tension, etc. The purpose of post-processing is mainly to solve the following problems.
◆Making fabrics neat in width and stable in size and shape. This type of finishing includes: length setting, anti-shrinkage, anti-wrinkle and heat setting, etc.
◆Improve hand feel. This type of finishing can use mechanical methods, chemical methods or a combination of both to treat fabrics to improve the fabric’s feel, such as softness, fullness, smoothness, stiffness, lightness, thickness, etc.
◆Improve the appearance of fabrics. Use physical, mechanical or chemical methods to improve the appearance of fabrics, such as gloss, whiteness, drape, etc. This kind of finishing includes: calendering, electro-optical, whitening, shrinking, etc.
◆Improve the wearing performance of fabrics, or give fabrics special functions. Mechanical action or chemical methods are used to produce fluff on the surface of the fabric to improve warmth retention, such as raising, shearing, imitation wool, imitation silk, imitation suede, etc. Certain chemicals are used to make the fabric have special functions such as water-repellent, oil-repellent, anti-fouling, hygiene, and UV resistance. Hydrophilic, antistatic, anti-pilling and other finishing of chemical fiber fabrics.
The requirements for fabric finishing not only vary depending on the types of fibers that make up the fabric, but also fabrics composed of similar fibers have certain differences depending on the type of fabric and its special purpose.
Based on the above requirements, fabric finishing processing methods can be divided into two categories, namely mechanical finishing and chemical finishing. The former usually uses moisture, heat, force (tension, pressure) and mechanical action to complete the processing method; the latter uses chemical agents to react with fibers to change the physical and chemical properties of the fabric. However, there is no clear boundary between the two. For example, soft finishing can be done by general mechanical methods or by adding softeners to obtain the finishing effect. However, most of them use two methods at the same time, such as durable electro-optical finishing, where the fabric is first padded with resin. The finishing agent is dried and then calendered and baked by an electro-optical machine.
The content of fabric finishing is very extensive, and new content is constantly being added with the development of science and technology. At present, fabric finishing has developed from the stage of simply taking advantage of the inherent characteristics of fibers and obtaining temporary finishing effects, to the use of new finishing agents and new equipment to give fabrics better and longer-lasting effects. After textiles are finished, they can not only improve the quality of the product, but also increase the added value of the product.
Therefore, the international cutting-edge level of finishing is not simply a study of the level of finishing technology, but should be based on the level achieved by the product. At the same time, in order to implement environmental protection regulations, finishing products must comply with environmental protection regulations and implement cleaner production.
Source: Dayao Textile
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