1·Common quality problems in soft finishing</p
1·1 cannot achieve the desired feel</p
柔软整理的柔软风格随客户要求不同而不同，如柔软、平滑、蓬松、柔糯、油滑、干滑等，根据不同的风格选用不同的柔软剂� For example, in soft sheets, there are softener sheets with different structures, which have different softness, fluffiness, smoothness, yellowing, and influence on fabric water absorption; in silicone oil, the properties of modified silicone oil with different modified groups are also different. , such as amino silicone oil, hydroxyl silicone oil, epoxy modified silicone oil, carboxyl modified silicone oil, etc., all have different properties. �</p
1.2 Color turns yellow</p
一般带氨基结构的软片及氨基硅油中的氨基易造成泛黄� Among soft sheets, cationic soft sheets are soft and have good hand feel. They are easy to be adsorbed on fabrics, but they are prone to yellowing and discoloration, which affects the hydrophilicity. If the cationic soft sheets are modified into soft olein, the yellowing will be greatly reduced and the hydrophilicity will be reduced. Improvement, such as compounding cationic film with hydrophilic silicone oil, or compounding with hydrophilic finishing agent, its hydrophilicity will be improved �</p
阴离子软片或非离子软片不易泛黄；有的软片不泛黄，也不影响亲水性� Amino silicone oil is currently the most widely used silicone oil, but amino groups can cause discoloration and yellowing. The higher the ammonia value, the greater the yellowing. You should use low-yellowing amino silicone oil or polyether-modified, epoxy-modified, etc. that are less likely to yellow. of silicone oil �</p
另外，乳液聚合时有时采用阳离子表面活性剂如1227、1831、1631作乳化剂，这些乳化剂也会产生泛黄现象。硅油乳化时使用乳化剂不同，其”剥色效应”不同，会造成不同情况下的剥色而色浅；已属于色变。
1.3 Decreased hydrophilicity of fabric</p
Generally, the structural problems of the film used, the lack of water-absorbing groups after the silicone oil film is formed, and the blocking of water-absorbing centers such as the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers, carboxyl groups, and amino groups on wool cause a decrease in water absorption. Anionic and non-ionic products should be used as much as possible. Soft and hydrophilic silicone oils �</p
1·4 dark spots</p
The main reason for dark spots is that the oil and sewage on the fabric is removed during pre-treatment, and the oil stain is darker in color during dyeing; or there is too much foam in the dyeing process, and the mixture of foam, floral fabrics, dyes, etc. is stained on the fabric; or the defoaming agent floats Oil causes dark oil spots; or tar-like objects in the dye vat stain the fabric; or the dye agglomerates under different circumstances to form dark stains; or excessive calcium and magnesium ions in the water combine with the dye and stain the fabric, etc. �要针对性进行处理，如前处理时加去油剂进行精练，染色助剂采用低泡、无泡助剂，消</p
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泡剂选择不易飘油的品种，加螯合剂改善水质，加助溶分散剂防染料凝集，及时用清缸剂进行清缸洗缸。
1·5 light spots</p
The main reason for light stains is uneven pre-treatment, poor hair effect in some parts, resulting in a certain degree of dye repellency, or containing dye-repellent substances, or the cloth contains calcium soap, magnesium soap, etc. during pre-treatment, or The mercerization is uneven, or the drying of semi-finished products is uneven, or the cloth surface is stained with undissolved Yuanming powder, soda ash and other solids, or water is dripping on the dyed material before drying, or there are spots of additives during post-finishing such as softening the dyed material. stain Similarly, targeted treatment is necessary, such as strengthening pre-treatment. When selecting pre-treatment additives, it must be difficult to form calcium magnesium soap, and pre-treatment must be uniform and thorough (this is related to the selection of scouring agents, penetrants, chelating dispersants, mercerizing penetrants, etc. ), Yuan Ming powder, soda ash, etc. must be melted into the tank and production management must be strengthened. �</p
1·6Alkali spots</p
碱斑主要原因是前处理(如漂白、丝光)后去碱不净或不均匀，造成碱斑产生，所以必须加强前处理工序的去碱工艺。
1·7 Softener Collapse</p
The causes of softener stains may be as follows:</p
(1) The soft flaking material is not good, and there are lumps of softener adhering to the fabric; </p
(2) There is too much foam after the material is softened into sheets. When the cloth comes out of the vat, the cloth will be stained with softener foam; </p
(3)水质不佳，硬度太高，水中杂质与柔软剂结合凝集在织物上� Some factories even use sodium hexametaphosphate or alum to treat water. These substances form floc with impurities in the water, and after entering the softening treatment bath, the cloth surface will be stained; </ p
(4) The cloth surface contains anionic substances, which combine with the cationic softener to form stains when softened, or the cloth surface contains alkali, which causes the softener to agglomerate; </p
(5) Softeners have different structures, and some may cause the softener to change from an emulsified state to a slag-like substance that adheres to the fabric at higher temperatures; </p
(6)缸中原有焦油状柔软剂等物质掉下粘在织物上。
1·8 Silicone oil stains</p
Silicone oil stains are a type of stain that is difficult to treat. The main reasons are: </p
(1) The pH value of the cloth surface is not neutral, especially if it contains alkali, causing the silicone oil to break and float; </p
(2) The water quality of the treatment bath is too poor and the hardness is too high. Silicone oil can easily float in water with a hardness greater than 15Omg/L; </p
(3)硅油质量间题，包括乳化欠佳(乳化Poor agent selection, poor emulsification process, too large emulsified particles, etc.), intolerance to shearing (mainly problems with the silicone oil itself, such as silicone oil quality, emulsification system, silicone oil variety, silicone oil synthesis process, etc.).
可以选择耐剪切、耐电解质、耐pH变化的硅油，但要注意硅油的使用方式及环境，也可考虑选亲水的硅油。
1·9 Poor fluff</p
Poor raising is closely related to the operation of the raising machine (such as tension control, raising roller speed, etc.). For raising, when applying softener (commonly known as waxing), controlling the dynamic and static friction coefficients of the fabric is the key, so the raising is soft. The preparation of the softener is key. If the softener is not used properly, it will directly cause poor fluffing, and even cause tearing or door width changes. �</p
2·Common quality problems in resin finishing</p
2.1 Formaldehyde problem</p
由于树脂中的游离甲醛或N-羟甲基结构的树脂分解出的甲醛造成甲醛含量超标。宜采用超低甲醛树脂或无甲醛树脂。
当然甲醛问题的来源很广泛，如固色剂Y、M，柔软剂MS-20、S-l，AEG、FTC，粘合剂RF，阻燃剂THPC等助剂有时也会造成甲醛超标。同时空气中的甲醛迁移也可能造成织物上甲醛超标。
2.2 Problems with yellowing or discoloration</p
树脂整理后，一般会造成泛黄，所以耍控制树脂整理剂的pH值、含酸成分、催化剂成分，尽可能减少泛黄、色变。
2·3 Powerful descent problem</p
一般树脂整理均会产生强力下降，可加入纤维保护剂，如氧化聚乙烯蜡乳化体。
2·4 Feeling Problem</p
一般树脂整理会造成手感变硬现象，可加入柔软成分，但要注意不能影响树脂整理质量。手感改善了，对强力下降问题也大有改善。但表面树脂造成的手感发硬等问题是由树脂本身及烘干等原因造成，要针对性进行改善。
3·Other quality issues</p
3.1 Metal ions exceeding the standard</p
金属离子Cu、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Hg、As、Pb、Cd等在出口产品中需检测，如果超标，也象甲醛超标一样产生严重后果。在助剂中，这类金属离子较少，但有些助剂会造成超标，如阻燃剂三氧化二锑乳液含有大量汞，CR、phoboTexCR（Ciba)、Cerolc(山德士)等含铬。毛纺上用媒介染料时，所用媒介染剂为重铬酸钾或重铬酸钠或铬酸钠，Cr6+会超标。
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3.2 Color change problem</p
After post-finishing, there are many problems with color changes. This requires attention to the selection of dyes during dyeing. During dyeing, corresponding post-finishing must be carried out according to the process to determine whether the selected dyes will cause color changes under the action of additives. Discoloration, of course, is a good choice for post-processing that will not cause discoloration. Agent is an ideal solution, but this often has limitations (for example, copper-containing antibacterial agents themselves have colors, and chromium-containing antibacterial agents also have colors, which will cause discoloration of fabrics). At the same time, the dyes must also be taken into consideration when the dyed fabrics are dried and baked. Factors such as light color and discoloration caused by sublimation and yellowing caused by excessive temperature �</p
3·3APEO exceeds the standard </p
APEO is an indicator that is also strictly restricted by some countries. This indicator is related to scouring agents and penetrants in pre-treatment, cleaning agents and leveling agents in printing and dyeing, and emulsifiers in softeners during finishing. , in the current situation where TX and NP series surfactants are widely used as raw materials for additives, it is difficult to prevent them. The only way is for printing and dyeing factories to insist on using environmentally friendly additives and strictly prevent additives containing APEO and toxic and harmful substances from entering the factory. use
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