How to “defeat monsters and upgrade” cotton production mechanization?
As the world’s largest cotton producer and consumer, my country’s comprehensive cotton mechanization rate has also continued to increase in recent years, reaching 85% in 2020, of which the mechanical tillage rate, machine sowing rate and machine harvest rate are 100% and 100% respectively. 95%, 55%. The reason for the low mechanical harvest rate is not only that some local cotton varieties and field management in Xinjiang are not adapted to the requirements of mechanized harvesting, but also that the mechanical harvest rate is low in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. However, during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, my country’s main cotton-producing areas evolved from the “three pillars” of the Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, and northwest inland areas (mainly Xinjiang) to Xinjiang The pattern of “outstanding” cotton areas has been further stabilized, and the mechanization rate of cotton production continues to rise. In 2021, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang reached 37.18 million acres, accounting for 79.8% of the country’s total area, and the mechanization rate of cotton reached 88%.
However, the current mechanization of cotton production in my country still faces many problems: residual film pollution control, low level of intelligentization of technical equipment, insufficient level of refined management, etc. How to make further progress? During the interview, the reporter learned that relevant parties are taking multiple measures to “upgrade the fight against monsters.”
Currently, all cotton production in Xinjiang is planted with film, but the common problems of low recovery rate of residual film, high impurity content, and difficulty in resource utilization have not been solved for many years. The reporter learned that under the leadership of Chen Xuegeng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Wen Haojun, leader of the cotton professional group of the full mechanization expert guidance group for crop production of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and researcher at Shihezi University, and other team members have made breakthroughs in the field of residual film pollution control. The combined machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling developed by it has a mulching film collection rate of over 90%, an operating speed of 6 to 8 kilometers per hour, and a daily operating area of 150 to 200 acres. The recycled residual film has a low impurity rate. And the mulch film can be rolled up, creating conditions for resource utilization. At the same time, after more than 30,000 acres of test demonstrations, the product’s working reliability has been verified and can be promoted and applied in large areas.
In addition, the main reasons for the high impurity content and low quality of cotton are the low level of intelligent technology and equipment and the insufficient level of refined management. Faced with this problem, Wen Haojun believes that a test demonstration area for cotton quality and efficiency improvement technology and equipment should be established in Xinjiang to reduce production costs and improve cotton quality. Continue to carry out experimental demonstrations and technology promotion in Shandong and Hebei, and initially form a full-process mechanization technology system for cotton production that adapts to local conditions; establish demonstration sites in Jiangxi, Hubei and other places in the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin to study solutions for full-process mechanization of cotton production that adapt to local conditions. plan.
The impurity content of machine-picked cotton is mainly related to the defoliation effect of cotton and the clean picking rate. “In recent years, we have done a lot of work to improve the quality of machine-picked cotton.” Wen Haojun told reporters, for example, changing the original (66+10) cm planting pattern to (72+4) cm ultra-narrow rows or 76 cm Equal row spacing to improve the defoliation effect. At the same time, we will start with pesticide application technology and equipment to improve the quality of pesticide application, thereby improving the quality of defoliation and reducing the impurity content of cotton.
my country’s subsidy policy for cotton production machinery has also achieved very good results for many years. Specifically, for general machinery such as plowing, harrowing, sowing, and spraying, subsidies range from 25% to 30% of the product sales price. The subsidy for cotton picking machines for the 3rd line is 400,000 yuan, and the subsidy for the 6th line of cotton pickers is 600,000 yuan. “The manufacturing level and manufacturing capabilities of manufacturers are constantly improving because they are willing to invest in high-precision equipment, and the market share of high-quality working machinery is getting larger and larger, because when people purchase agricultural machinery, they mainly look at performance, and it also promotes It has improved the technical level of mechanization of the whole process of cotton production.” Wen Haojun said.
For future development, Wen Haojun suggested that we should carry out research and equipment development on precision operations and intelligent management of cotton production, including land consolidation, precision fertilization, precision sowing, integrated intelligent irrigation of water and fertilizer, precision pesticide application, and precision harvesting. and other key technical links to improve work quality and efficiency. It is also necessary to achieve dynamic management of the growth of cotton during the growth period and intelligent control of each operation link, and ultimately form a large-scale and intensive production model, reduce production costs, increase economic benefits, and improve cotton quality, thereby realizing the sustainability of my country’s cotton industry. Continue to develop and enhance international competitiveness.
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