Guidance on early cotton production technology in the Yellow River Basin cotton area in 2022
Based on the current production characteristics and meteorological conditions of the cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant experts from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Cotton Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, studied and formulated the “2022 Yellow River Guiding Opinions on Preliminary Production Technology of Cotton in Watershed Cotton Areas.
1. Raking to protect moisture
In the second half of 2021, the cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin suffered from waterlogging disasters of varying degrees. Coupled with snowfall in winter, the moisture content of cotton fields was generally higher than normal. Techniques should be applied according to local conditions and classified according to the type and moisture content of cotton fields. First, for plots with excessive water content, when the surface soil becomes slightly loose, shallow harrowing should be carried out in time to form a 3-5 cm soft topsoil layer through loose moisture, and the water evaporation pores in the lower soil should be cut off to preserve the bottom moisture for later use. Sow at the right sowing time. The second is for cotton fields with normal moisture content. Before the temperature warms up in spring, rake as early as possible to protect the moisture. Before sowing, according to the soil moisture content, sow directly or irrigate 30-40 square meters per acre before sowing. The third is cotton fields on sandy land, where the soil moisture content is insufficient. According to regular years, 60-80 cubic meters of bottom moisture per mu should be irrigated at the right time and the land prepared for sowing. The fourth is saline-alkali cotton fields. The irrigation amount is determined based on the degree of saline-alkali and soil moisture content to ensure that the salt content of the surface soil is less than 0.3% and sowing is carried out in a timely manner.
2. Classified fertilization
For cotton fields that can be sown directly after raking, there is no need to apply base fertilizer. In mid-to-late June, combined with rainfall or irrigation, 20-30 kilograms of cotton-specific compound fertilizer will be applied per acre. For cotton fields with bottom moisture, apply 40-50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre before irrigation. Where conditions permit, a one-time base application of controlled-release fertilizer or controlled-release compound fertilizer can be used. It is recommended to apply 200-300 kilograms of organic fertilizer (equivalent to dry weight) before soil preparation.
3. Sowing at the right time
1. Variety selection. Select approved high-quality, high-yielding cotton varieties, measure the germination rate before sowing, and adjust the seeding rate appropriately based on the germination rate.
2. Sowing time. Direct sowing should be done no earlier than mid-April, usually from late April to early May. According to the weather forecast, if there is no significant cooling and rainfall in the coming week, sowing should be done in a “cold tail and warm head” situation.
3. Scientific weeding. Before sowing, spray trifluralin EC and other herbicides mixed with the soil, and after sowing and before emergence, spray acetochlor EC and other herbicides evenly on the surface.
4. Plant closely and reasonably. Machine-picked cotton fields are sown with equal row spacing of 76 cm, with 5,000-6,000 plants per mu; ordinary cotton fields are sown with large and small rows, with large row spacing of 90-100 cm and small row spacing of 50-60 cm. The density of seedlings in high-fertility plots is 3,500-6,000 plants per mu. 4,000 plants, 4,000-5,000 plants per acre in medium and low fertility plots. It is advocated to use precision seeding machinery for single-grain precision sowing to reduce the need for thinning and setting seedlings.
IV. Seedling management
1. Release the seedlings to determine the seedlings. After the cotton seedlings are unearthed, the seedlings should be released in time. If there is a sudden high temperature, the membrane must be broken in advance to avoid burning the seedlings. In non-precision sowing cotton fields, seedlings are determined at the 3-5 leaf stage.
2. Cultivating and cultivating the soil. During the cotton seedling stage, cultivating and weeding should be carried out once as appropriate; during the budding stage, cultivating and soiling should be carried out to prevent lodging in the later stage. The height of the soil should be as high as the cotyledon node.
3. Pest and disease prevention. To control aphids when the cotton leaf-rolling rate reaches 10% in the field, you can choose sulfoxaflor suspension + pymetrozine wettable powder, mix it with water and spray it, and mix it thoroughly; you can also use imidacloprid and aphenyl in rotation. Pesticides, etc., avoid long-term use of a single pesticide variety. When the erythema rate of the cotton plant reaches 15%, spray abamectin EC to control spider mites. When applying the pesticide, try to spray the liquid onto the back of the leaves. In the seedling stage, timely cultivating and loosening the soil on sunny days after rain can prevent and control damping-off disease, increase soil permeability, increase soil temperature, cultivate strong seedlings, and reduce the damage of damping-off disease.
5. Seedling transplanting
Intercropped cotton needs to be sown and nursed from the end of March to the beginning of April, and transplanted in early May. Cotton varieties are selected from large-plant hybrids to give full play to the advantages of a single plant. During the seedling cultivation period, root-promoting agent spraying, temperature control, moisture management, ventilation and seedling hardening should be done well. Irrigation should be done 5-7 days before transplanting to “feed the seedlings” “Water”, and gradually lower the temperature in the shed to the temperature in the field. Spray leaf protectant 2 days before transplanting to increase the seedling rate.
Cotton planting operations should be carried out in fine weather. If manual or mechanical trench planting or hole planting is used, the root system of cotton seedlings is required to be not less than 7 cm deep in the soil. Good soil moisture must be ensured when transplanting.
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