2022 Guidance Opinions on Cotton Preliminary Production Technology in the Northwest Inland Cotton Region

In view of the cotton production characteristics and meteorological conditions in the northwest inland cotton areas in 2022, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant experts from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Cotton Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, studied and formulated the ” 2022 Guidance Opinions on Cotton Preliminary Production Technology in Northwest Inland Cotton Regions.

1. Store moisture

Last winter, the snowfall in Xinjiang was less than normal. It is predicted that there will be a greater chance of drought in summer. It is extremely important to store good moisture in cotton fields in 2022. Cotton fields in southern Xinjiang must be irrigated in winter and spring. The irrigation volume is more than 100 cubic meters per mu. This can not only ensure the water holding capacity of the cotton fields before budding and meet the growth and development needs of cotton in the seedling stage, but also play a role in pressing and washing salt to ensure that the surface soil contains The salt content is less than 0.3% to prevent secondary salinization. In northern Xinjiang, cotton fields with dry sowing and wet planting should be dripped with seedling water at the right time, and the amount of dripping water should be about 25 cubic meters per mu.

2. Tidy up the land

The land preparation of cotton fields should meet the standards of “moisture, looseness, brokenness, levelness, levelness, and cleanness”, that is, good moisture, virtual top and solid bottom, finely broken soil (no clods with a diameter of more than 2 cm), neat edges and corners, and smooth ground. Smooth, no stubble or film residue. When the soil is in a suitable state for farming, the land should be plowed and prepared in time, and the plowing depth should be 25 centimeters. For cotton fields that have been plowed in autumn, spring plowing mainly involves harrowing, moisture conservation, and soil preparation, with a depth of 3-5 cm. Xinjiang has a large amount of evaporation, frequent strong winds, and the soil is prone to moisture loss, so it must be plowed and raked at the same time. For cotton fields with relatively compact soil and poor looseness, a disc rake can be used to loosen the soil to a depth of about 10 cm, and then rake to maintain moisture. In cotton fields that have been irrigated in autumn but have not been plowed, if the soil moisture is poor and sandy, the soil needs to be harrowed to protect the moisture. There is no need to plow the soil deeply to avoid excessive water loss. If the soil layer is too loose, a compactor should be used to suppress it. , so that the compactness of the tillage layer is greater than the sowing depth. The soil can be sealed with herbicides 2-3 days before sowing.

3. Sow good seeds

(1) Variety selection. Select high-yielding and high-quality cotton varieties that have been approved for stable yield, disease resistance, and machine-pickability.

(2) Sowing time. In southern Xinjiang, it is generally from early April to mid-to-late April, and the suitable sowing period is April 10-20; in northern Xinjiang, it is generally from early to mid-April to late April, and the suitable sowing period is April 15-25. Sowing should be carried out according to real-time weather forecasts and avoid disastrous weather processes such as low temperatures and strong winds.

(3) Planting model. The machine-picked cotton planting model is mainly used. According to soil fertility, variety characteristics, etc., a planting pattern of six rows on one film or three rows on one film is adopted.

(4) Reasonably dense planting. Determine planting density based on variety characteristics and soil fertility. The planting density of high-yield cotton fields is 13,000-15,000 plants per mu, and the planting density of medium-low-yield cotton fields is 15,000-17,000 plants per mu.

　(5) SowingQuality. Generally, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the sandy soil is 3-4 cm, and the covering soil thickness is 1-2 cm. The quality of mechanical film laying should be flat, straight, close to the ground, the lighting surface should be wide, and the side film should be pressed tightly and buried to prevent the film from being lifted by strong wind.

IV. Seedling management

(1) Chemical control. Chemical control was carried out 2-3 times during the seedling stage, and 1-1.5 grams of mediamine was used per mu to prevent overgrown seedlings and high-legged seedlings. Cotton with hardened and stiff seedlings after rain should be cultivated, and growth regulators and foliar fertilizers should be applied to cultivate strong seedlings and promote early emergence.

(2) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Measures such as shallow cultivating and spraying fungicides before and after emergence are used to prevent and control cotton seedling diseases; after emergence, chemicals such as imidacloprid are used to control cotton thrips, and chemicals such as acetamiprid are used to control cotton aphids.

5. Management during the budding period

(1) Chemical control. Chemical control is carried out 2-3 times during the bud stage to coordinate nutrition and reproductive growth. Use about 1.5 grams of mediamine per mu to achieve stable growth of cotton plants and create a reasonable plant structure.

(2) Put some water on your head. In normal cotton fields, the first water is drip-fed during the budding period. The amount of drip irrigation per mu is controlled at about 20 cubic meters, and 5-8 kg of urea is applied per mu to set up a high-yield framework. For vigorously growing cotton, postpone the application of water and fertilizer until the flowering stage.

(3) Prevention of hail disaster. The budding period is a period prone to hail disasters. Plans should be formulated in a timely manner to strengthen the monitoring and forecasting of hail weather. Scientifically determine the degree of damage after disasters. When the disaster is serious, timely cultivating to ventilate and dispel moisture, enhance root vitality, spray foliar fertilizers to promote recovery of growth, and restore growth. Disaster losses are minimized.

(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. The bud stage is the main period when bugs and aphids occur. In view of the “tendency, love for buds, fear of light, and good flying” habits of blind stink bugs, spray avermectin, phoxim and other pesticides in the morning and evening on sunny days or on cloudy days for control; aphid control is the same as in the seedling stage.

AAA

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