The number of large cotton growers in Anhui Province’s cotton areas has increased, and the actual cotton planting area has increased
By comparing the costs and benefits of cotton planting in the main cotton-producing areas along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province and the large cotton planting households in 2021, combined with the actual situation of local cotton planting, the cotton planting trend in the main cotton-producing areas along the Yangtze River has begun to change from general to general. There has been a shift from mainly cotton-growing households to large cotton-growing households. The reasons for the change are analyzed as follows:
1. Comparison of cotton planting costs
1. General farmers’ planting costs: The physical and chemical costs of cotton seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. average about 550 yuan/acre.
2. Cost of planting for large cotton growers: average land rental cost 360 yuan/mu, cotton seed 20 yuan/mu, compound fertilizer, urea and other fertilizers 100 yuan/mu, mechanical farming cost 55 yuan/mu, and aircraft spraying and weeding cost 50 yuan Yuan/mu, labor cost for picking flowers is 1.2×400=480 Yuan/mu, total cotton planting cost is 1065 Yuan/mu.
2. Comparison of income from cotton planting
1. Without considering the labor remuneration of ordinary farmers, based on the average seed cotton yield of 500 kilograms per mu and the seed cotton price of 4.80 yuan per kilogram, the income from cotton planting is 500 × 4.80-550 = 1,900 yuan per mu. Based on the farmer’s contract size of 5 acres and the farmer’s farming ability, the income from planting 5 acres of cotton is 9,500 yuan.
2. Without considering the labor wages of large cotton growers, based on the average seed cotton yield of 400 kilograms per mu and the seed cotton price of 4.70 yuan/catty, the income from cotton planting is 400×4.70-1065=815 yuan/mu. Based on the current scale of 100 acres of cotton fields generally managed by large cotton farmers, the annual income from cotton planting is 815×100=81,500 yuan.
3. Analysis of cotton planting trends
(1) The number of general cotton farmers is unstable
1. Cotton is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and cotton farmers can easily change crops;
2. Farmers contract less land and there is no income scale effect;
3. The aging problem is very prominent, and the cotton planting labor force is decreasing year by year. First, most of the current cotton growers are the elderly, whose age is increasing year by year, and their working ability is weakening year by year, and they eventually lose their ability to work; second, young people working outside will not return to their hometowns to grow cotton, and the rural cotton planting labor force cannot be supplemented.
(2) The number of large cotton growers is on the rise
1. The degree of mechanization is getting higher and higher
Since Anhui Province began to implement machine-picked cotton demonstration planting in 2013, summer direct-seeded cotton technology in the cotton areas along the Yangtze River has matured, and progress has been made in the acquisition and processing of machine-picked cotton. lint cottonThe detection indicators are ideal and very popular among textile enterprises. In recent years, large-scale field promotion in Wangjiang, Susong and other areas of Anqing has implemented the simultaneous sowing of seeds and fertilizers with seeders, spraying of pesticides and weeds by aircraft, and chemical topping. Only the mechanical harvesting part of the whole process relies on manual picking. With the gradual improvement of various technologies and the accumulation of experience, the realization of machine procurement will be just around the corner. After the entire cotton planting process is mechanized, the cost of planting will drop significantly.
2. National policy support
The country’s policy emphasis on restoring the development of cotton areas in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins, coupled with the rise of family farms, the emergence of large cotton growers, and policy and technical support will all be conducive to the choice of large growers to grow cotton. Therefore, from the perspective of planting scale effect, the income of large cotton farmers is much higher than that of ordinary farmers.
Based on the above analysis, although the planting costs of large cotton farmers in the mainland are higher than that of ordinary farmers, the benefits have scale effects. As the cost of cotton planting in the mainland has been reduced due to mechanical harvesting, and the state has encouraged large-scale and mechanized cotton planting, the income from cotton planting has been reduced year by year under the premise that the cotton planting labor force has been reduced. Cotton planting in the mainland has gradually shifted from being dominated by ordinary cotton farmers to being dominated by cotton farmers. The dominance of large cotton growers has begun to change.
At present, the preliminary forecast of cotton planting area at the tracking and monitoring points in the main cotton-producing areas along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province shows that the number of ordinary farmers growing cotton this year has declined, and the cotton planting area of ordinary farmers has increased or decreased, and the overall situation has remained stable at most; while the number of cotton planting areas has declined. For large cotton households, the number of households has increased, and the cotton planting area has generally increased, and in some cases the increase has been significant, even doubling.
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