The sown area has been reduced, but the output has hit a new high. Why did Xinjiang have such a good cotton harvest?
National cotton production data recently released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the country’s total cotton production in 2022 will be 5.977 million tons, an increase of 246,000 tons compared with 2021, an increase of 4.3%. Among them, Xinjiang’s cotton output was 5.391 million tons, an increase of 262,000 tons or 5.1% compared with 2021, accounting for 90.2% of the national total. The national cotton sown area in 2022 will be 45.004 million acres, a decrease of 418,000 acres compared with 2021, a decrease of 0.9%. Among them, the cotton planting area in Xinjiang is 37.454 million acres, a decrease of 139,000 acres compared with 2021, accounting for 83.2% of the national cotton planting area.
Although the cotton sown area in Xinjiang will be slightly reduced in 2022 compared with 2021, the increase in yield will eventually be achieved, with the output reaching a record high. In addition, according to data from the China FiberQuality Monitoring Center, six indicators of cotton public inspection quality in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps are higher than the national level for the same period. So, what is the reason why Xinjiang’s cotton quality and output will reach a higher level in 2022?
Optimize cotton planting layout
Promote advanced technology
Talking about the bumper harvest of Xinjiang cotton in the past year, Su Xuhong, deputy secretary-general of the Xinjiang Cotton Association, said: “The overall weather in the Xinjiang cotton area in 2022 will be sunny, with sufficient heat and suitable precipitation. The cotton will grow well, although the cotton planting area has been slightly adjusted. decrease, but the level of yield per unit area further increased.”
The Party Committee and Government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have always attached great importance to the development of the cotton industry. Su Xuhong introduced that Xinjiang cotton has always been on the road to high-quality development, whether it is the main varieties, planting layout, or cotton planting technology.
In terms of cotton planting layout, Xinjiang’s cotton production has continued to be concentrated in advantageous producing areas in the past two years, with the cotton output of the 25 main producing counties accounting for more than 90% of Xinjiang’s total cotton output. In 2022, Xinjiang will optimize the regional layout of cotton, further subdivide cotton planting areas and suitable cotton planting ranges based on climate and market conditions, and form a regional layout with reasonable distribution of long-staple cotton and fine-staple cotton.
In terms of variety optimization, the number of main cotton varieties currently grown in Xinjiang is controlled within 40, and the problem of numerous and chaotic varieties has been effectively improved. “We hope to select high-quality cotton varieties with strong regional adaptability as the main varieties, implement centralized production of one variety in one region, and improve the consistency of cotton fiber. For example, in places such as Awati County, the traditional advantageous production area of long-staple cotton, we can continue Plant long-staple cotton; plant high-quality cotton varieties in Shawan County and other places with better natural conditions; it is recommended to develop organic cotton in areas with poor natural resources. At the same time, according to the needs of downstream production, vigorously promote order planting and accurately serve cotton spinning Enterprises are required to develop special cotton and create cotton production bases for different uses.” Su Xuhong said.
In terms of cotton planting technology, Xinjiang’s advanced and applicable cotton planting technologies are being continuously promoted. The green prevention and control rate of pests has reached more than 96%. The “dry sowing and wet seeding” technology has been promoted over an area of 18.72 million acres. The cotton mechanized harvest rate has increased significantly. improve. It is understood that the “dry sowing and wet seeding” technology can be sown directly without spring irrigation. It not only saves a lot of water resources, but also effectively improves the cotton emergence rate. This year, Awati County has widely promoted the application of “dry sowing and wet planting” technology in cotton planting.
In order to further improve the quality of Xinjiang cotton and better adapt to the production needs of textile enterprises, Su Xuhong introduced that in 2022, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government formulated the “Notice on Quality Control during the Cotton Harvest Period” to continue to do a good job in cotton defoliation. Quality control measures have been implemented in key links such as spraying chemicals, standardizing the operation of cotton picking machines, and managing new and old “three yarns” to improve cotton quality from the source. The “Autonomous Region CottonTarget Price has also been revised “Pilot Implementation Plan for Linking Subsidies and Quality”, 328 enterprises in 18 cotton-growing counties (cities) in 6 prefectures continue to promote the linking of price subsidies and quality, summarize the pilot operation experience, optimize supporting measures, highlight the precise guidance of quality data, and promote The policy of “excellent cotton, good price, high quality and good supplements” has been implemented.
Improve cotton quality
Stable cotton planting intentions
“Although my country’s Xinjiang cotton planting has unique geographical advantages and the yield level is constantly improving, we should also see that compared with India, Vietnam, Bangladesh and other countries, the cost advantage of my country’s cotton industry needs to be improved, which means It forces production areas to accelerate high-quality development, continuously improve cotton quality, and resolve various risks with ‘target price + scale effect + quality advantage.'” Talking about the development direction of Xinjiang’s cotton industry, Cao Huiqing, president of the Cotton Farmers Branch of the China Cotton Association, said .
Cao Huiqing believes that to achieve the healthy development of Xinjiang’s cotton industry, we must first change our concepts. All entities in the industry chain need to pay more attention to cotton quality. In the past, under the support of target prices, cotton farmers pursued yield and lint points, and ginners charged based on processing volume, and were not very enthusiastic about improving cotton quality. Nowadays, the quality requirements of cotton have been significantly improved by all parties, but there is still room for efforts to truly achieve high-quality development of the cotton industry.
“In addition, the entire Xinjiang cotton industry chain needs to be further improved.” Su Xuhong said that in recent years, with the continuous deepening of Xinjiang’s cotton target price reform, the cotton industry has developed rapidly.� Improvement, but the current market-driven mechanism of Xinjiang’s cotton industry needs to be improved, and the level of industrial development needs to be further improved.
At the same time, the cost of cotton cultivation has continued to rise in the past two years, which has also affected the enthusiasm of cotton farmers for production. Survey data shows that in 2022, the land transfer cost and physical and chemical cost of cotton in Xinjiang will increase by 600 yuan/mu, and the cost of cotton production has exceeded 3,000 yuan/mu. “Cotton farmers are affected by planting costs and cotton prices, and are still hesitating and waiting to see their intentions for cotton planting in 2023.” Cao Huiqing said that he hopes that the cotton subsidy price in 2022 and the new round of Xinjiang cotton target price policies in 2023 will be implemented as soon as possible to provide Cotton farmers can take reassurance to clarify their planting intentions and preparation directions, and stabilize the cotton planting area in Xinjiang. Expand the scope of the cotton quality subsidy traceability pilot, lower the participation threshold, and allow more farmers to enjoy the benefits of “high quality and good price”, thus driving and improving the quality of Xinjiang cotton.
Based on advantageous resources
Improve the industrial chain
“In the future, the development of the cotton industry must still be based on the unique advantages of Xinjiang’s cotton resources, continue to consolidate the strategic position of Xinjiang’s main cotton producing areas, and promote the high-quality development of the cotton industry. It is necessary to further unify policies, unified planning, unified supervision, and unified markets, Let’s work together to make Xinjiang’s cotton industry bigger and stronger.” Based on the actual situation of Xinjiang’s cotton development, Su Xuhong put forward suggestions for industrial development from various aspects.
2022/2023 is the last year for the implementation of this round of cotton target price policy. Su Xuhong suggested that we continue to promote the implementation of this policy and actively explore “futures + pilot” and “linking quality with subsidies” through the implementation of major stability and minor adjustments. and other new interest protection models, and gradually establish a perfect cotton production income guarantee and green development subsidy system.
In recent years, the cost of cotton cultivation in Xinjiang has continued to rise. Xinjiang’s cotton target price of 18,600 yuan/ton has been implemented for seven years. Su Xuhong suggested that when formulating a new round of cotton target price reform policies, fully consider the objective situation of cotton planting cost growth, and appropriately increase the target price level in accordance with the principle of “cotton planting cost + reasonable income” to ensure that cotton farmers obtain stable planting. Cotton earnings.
There are 22 ginning factories jointly operated by companies affiliated to Shuifa Agriculture Group. In order to promote the high-quality development of Xinjiang’s cotton industry, Liu Daoying, general manager of Shuifa Group, suggested that the cottontechnological innovation system should be strengthened, cotton resources should be integrated, and Xinjiang Cotton should be established in a market-oriented manner Scientific and technological innovation system, strengthen the construction of cotton innovation laboratories and experimental bases, accelerate the construction of big data platforms, introduce information management methods into the planting, acquisition, processing, and sales data of cotton production, collect data into a unified database, and form a production system. The big data processing platform and management platform realize the whole-process quality control in the cotton industry chain. At the same time, we should formulate our own cotton industry standards and effectively safeguard the Chinese cotton brand. On this basis, we will improve the cotton industry chain, work closely with the upstream and downstream of the industry chain, and strive to create a development model for the entire cotton industry chain. Liu Daoying believes that it is necessary to build a financial service system for the entire agricultural industry chain that integrates land consolidation, financial mutual assistance, rural areas, technical support, and warehousing and logistics, break the traditional layout between industrial chain sectors, and cycle the entire cotton industry chain to adapt to the current development situation. .
“Xinjiang cotton has very good price and quality advantages. In the future, we must accelerate the integration of cotton price, quality and standards with the international market.” Liu Daoying said.
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