A complete collection of basic textile knowledge: dedicated to preventing newbies (3) – detection methods
1. Visual inspection method of hand feel: This method is suitable for fabric raw materials in the form of loose fibers.
(1) Cotton fiber is shorter and thinner than ramie fiber and other hemp craft fibers and wool fibers, and is often accompanied by various impurities and defects.
(2). Hemp fiber feels rough and hard.
(3), wool fiber is curly and elastic.
(4) Silk is filament, long and slender, with very lustrous luster.
(5) Among chemical fibers, only viscose fiber has a large difference in strength between dry and wet states.
(6) Spandex yarn has extremely high elasticity, and its length can be stretched to more than five times at room temperature.
2. Microscopic observation method: identify fibers based on their longitudinal and cross-sectional morphological characteristics.
(1) Cotton fiber: cross-sectional shape: round waist, with a mid-waist; longitudinal shape: flat belt-shaped, with natural twist.
(2), linen (ramie, flax, jute) fiber: cross-sectional shape: waist-round or polygonal, with a middle cavity; longitudinal shape: horizontal sections and vertical lines.
(3) Wool fiber: Cross-sectional shape: round or nearly round, some with pith; Longitudinal shape: scales on the surface.
(4) Rabbit hair fiber: Cross-sectional shape: dumbbell shape, with pith; Longitudinal shape: scales on the surface.
(5). Mulberry silk fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular triangle; longitudinal shape: perfectly smooth and straight, with longitudinal stripes.
(6). General viscose fiber: cross-sectional shape: zigzag shape, sheath-core structure; longitudinal shape: longitudinal grooves.
(7), rich and strong fiber: cross-sectional shape: less tooth-shaped, or round, oval; longitudinal shape: smooth surface.
(8), acetate fiber: cross-sectional shape: trilobal or irregular zigzag; longitudinal shape: longitudinal stripes on the surface.
(9), polyacrylonitrile fiber: cross-sectional shape: round, dumbbell-shaped or leaf-shaped; longitudinal shape: smooth surfaceord-break:break-all”>5. Combustion method: According to the different chemical compositions of fibers, the combustion characteristics are also different, thus roughly distinguishing the major categories of fibers.
The combustion characteristics of several common fibers are compared and compared as follows:
(1) Cotton, linen, viscose fiber, cupro fiber: close to the flame: do not shrink or melt; contact with the flame: burn quickly; leave the flame: continue to burn; smell: the smell of burning paper; Residue characteristics: A small amount of gray-black or gray-white ash.
(2) Silk and wool fibers: close to the flame: curl and melt; contact with the flame: curl, melt, and burn; leave the flame: burn slowly and sometimes extinguish themselves; odor: the smell of burning hair; Residue characteristics: loose and brittle black particles or coke-like.
(3) Polyester fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, smoking, slow burning; leaving the flame: continuing to burn, sometimes extinguishing itself; Odor: very fragrant and sweet; Residue characteristics: hard black beads.
(4), nylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact with the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: amino smell; residue characteristics: hard, light brown, transparent round beads.
(5), polyacrylonitrile fiber: close to the flame: melt and shrink; contact with the flame: melt, smoke; leave the flame: continue to burn, black smoke; odor: spicy; residue Features: Black irregular beads, fragile.
(6), polypropylene fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn; odor: paraffin smell; residue characteristics: gray-white hard transparent beads.
(7). Spandex fiber: close to flame: melting and shrinking; contacting flame: melting and burning; leaving flame: self-extinguishing; odor: peculiar smell; residue characteristics: white gelatin.
(8), Chloropropyl fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning, black smoke; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; odor: pungent odor; residue characteristics: Dark brown lump.
(9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue burning, black smoke; odor: unique fragrance; residue characteristics: irregular Burnt brown lump.
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