Common concepts of fabrics: warp and weft density, width, weight and expression methods
1. Warp direction, warp yarn, warp density – the length direction of the fabric; the yarns spun in this direction are called warp yarns; the number of yarns spun in 1 inch is the warp density (warp density);
2. Weft direction, weft yarn, weft yarn density – the width direction of the fabric; the yarns spun in this direction are called weft yarns, and the number of yarns spun in 1 inch is the weft density (weft yarn density);
3. Density – used to indicate the number of inner spun yarns per unit length of woven fabrics, generally the number of inner spun yarns in 1 inch or 10 cm. my country’s national standards stipulate the use of 10 cm inner spun yarns. The number represents density, but fabric companies are still accustomed to using the number of yarns spun within 1 inch to represent density. For example, the commonly seen “45X45/108X58” means that the warp and weft yarns are 45 respectively, and the warp and weft density are 108 and 58.
4. Effective width – the effective width of the fabric, generally expressed in inches or centimeters, common ones are 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, etc. , respectively called narrow width, medium width and wide width. Fabrics higher than 60 inches are extra wide width and are generally called wide width fabrics. The effective width of extra wide fabrics in my country today can reach 360 cm. The effective width is generally marked after the density. For example, if the fabric mentioned in 3 is added with the effective width, it will be expressed as: “45Ｘ45/108Ｘ58/60＂”, that is, the effective width is 60 inches.
5. Weight per square meter – The weight per square meter of fabric is generally the grams of fabric weight per square meter. The weight per square meter is an important technical indicator of knitted fabrics. Woolen woolen cloth is usually The weight per square meter is also regarded as an important technical indicator. The weight per square meter of denim fabric is generally expressed in “ounces (OZ)”, which is the number of ounces of fabric weight per square yard, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc.;
6. Yarn-dyed weaving – called “first-dyed fabric” in Japan, it refers to the process of dyeing the yarn or filament first, and then using the colored yarn to weave the fabric. This kind of fabric It is called “dyed fabric”, and the factory that produces yarn-dyed fabric is generally called a dyeing and weaving factory, such as denim and most shirt fabrics are dyed fabric;
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