Fibers of Textile Materials (4): Common Indicators and Definitions
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1. Hand-pulled length of cotton fiber: It is the length value that must be measured in the current domestic raw cotton inspection. After being hand-pulled, the fiber is sorted into two Use a ruler to measure the length of most fibers in the fiber bundle.
2. Main length LM: The length of the most abundant fiber in a batch of cotton samples.
3. Linear density: The unit is tex (tex), referred to as tex, which represents the mass in grams of a 1-kilometer-long fiber (or yarn) at a common moisture regain. Characterizes the fineness of fiber (or yarn).
Nt=1000Gk/L
Nt is the special number (tex), Gk is the mass of the fiber at a common moisture regain (g), and L is the measured length of the fiber (m)
4. Denier: Denier is used in silk and chemical fiber filaments. It is also called fineness. The unit is denier, referred to as denier (D). It refers to the mass in grams of a fiber 9 kilometers long when the moisture regain is determined. Characterizes fiber fineness.
Nd=9000Gk/L
5. Metric branch number: referred to as public branch. It refers to the length in meters of 1 gram of fiber or yarn when the moisture regain is determined. Characterizes the fineness of fiber or yarn.
Nm=L/Gk
6. Moisture regain: The percentage of the moisture mass contained in the fiber and the dry fiber mass. The fabric industry generally uses moisture regain to indicate the hygroscopicity of fabric materials.
W=(G-G0)*100%/G0
G is the wet weight of the fabric material, G0 is the dry weight of the fabric material, and W is the moisture regain of the fabric material
7. Official moisture regain: It is the moisture regain rate recognized in the industry. The official moisture regain rate of each fiber material is a fixed value.
8. Fiber tensile strength performance index:
(1) Strong strength: also known as absolute strength and breaking strength. It refers to the force required when a single fiber is stretched by an external force until it breaks. The unit is Newton (N).
(2) Breaking strength: the maximum tensile force that each fiber (or denier) can withstand. The unit is N/tex (or N/denier), commonly used is cN/dtex (or cN/denier).
(3) Breaking stress: It is the maximum tensile force that the fiber can withstand per unit cross-sectional area. The standard unit is N/m2 (i.e. Pa, Pa), and the commonly used unit is N/mm2(MPa, MPa)
(4) Breaking length: a relative strength index expressed in the form of length. The physical meaning is to imagine that the fiber is continuously suspended until it breaks due to its own weight, that is, the length of the fiber when the fiber gravity is equal to its breaking strength. The unit is thousands. Meters (km).
(5) Elongation at break (strain): The elongation (or strain) when the fiber is stretched to break, indicating the elongation and deformation ability of the fiber when it breaks
ε=(lb-l0)*100%/l0
Among them, l0 is the length of the sample before stretching, also known as the spacing or clamping distance (mm), and lb is the length of the sample before stretching and rupture. The length of the specimen (mm). Fibers of Fabric Materials (4): Common Indicators and Definitions
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