Cotton (2): Classification, processing and grading of cotton

Cotton (2): Classification, processing and grading of cotton

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　1. Classification
According to the different physical forms of cotton, it is divided into seed cotton and lint cotton. The cotton picked by cotton farmers from the cotton trees is called seed cotton, and the cotton after seed removal and finishing is called lint cotton. The cotton yield generally refers to the lint cotton yield. According to the different finishing machines, cotton is divided into saw-tooth cotton and roller cotton. The lint sorted out by the saw-tooth gin is called saw-tooth cotton; the lint sorted out by the roller gin is called top-roller cotton. The production efficiency of top roller cotton is low, and the cotton produced by the cotton has high impurity content, but does not damage the cotton fiber, and the fiber is relatively long; the lint produced by the sawtooth gin has low impurity content and high work efficiency, but has certain damage to the cotton fiber. At present, fine-staple cotton is basically saw-tooth cotton, and long-staple cotton is generally roller cotton. 
​2. Organize
Generally, lint points are used to express the ratio of seed cotton to lint. In a normal year, the garment points are 36-40, which means that 100 kilograms of seed cotton can be sorted into 36-40 kilograms of lint. Lint cotton cannot be scattered and must be packed into cotton bales that meet national standards by a baler. There are two types of standard lint packaging in my country: 85 kg/bag (±5 kg) and 227 kg/bag (±10 kg), with 85 kg being the most common. That is, 200-type small bag and 400-type large bag
Grade: According to the three conditions of cotton maturity, color characteristics, and ginning quality, cotton is divided into grades 1 to 7 and out-of-grade cotton. 
Length: According to the length of cotton fiber, there are length grades. With 1 mm as the step interval, cotton fiber is divided into seven length grades of 25-31 mm. 
Micronaire value: Micronaire is the transliteration of English Micronaire. Micronaire value is a comprehensive indicator that reflects the fineness and maturity of cotton fiber. The larger the value, the thicker the cotton fiber and the higher the maturity. The specific measurement method is to use an air flow meter to measure the air permeability of cotton fibers of constant weight after being pressed into a fixed system, and express it as a numerical value on this scale. The micronaire value is divided into three levels, namely A, B, and C. Level B is the standard level of micronaire value.
Moisture regain rate: The official moisture regain rate of cotton is 8.5%, and the maximum moisture regain rate is 10.5%. In actual work, the moisture regain rate of raw cotton is generally determined by the electrical detector method. 
Impurity content: The standard impurity content of top roller cotton is 2.5%. In actual work, a raw cotton impurity analyzer is generally used to measure the moisture regain of raw cotton. 
Hazardous debris: It is strictly forbidden to mix hazardous debris into cotton.
​3. Cotton grading
Cotton grading is an indispensable means to determine the quality of cotton in the process of cotton purchase, sorting, storage and sales, and to measure the use value and market price of cotton. It can make full and reasonable use of resources to meet the needs of production and consumption. Cotton grade consists of two parts: one is grade grading, and the other is length grading. 
Grade grading: Generally speaking, cotton grade grading is based on physical standards (standard samples). This is the basis for grading. It is also assisted by other measures, such as pulling by hand and feeling to experience the maturity and strength of cotton. See Cotton is graded based on the comprehensive situation of color characteristics and rolling quality. The national standard stipulates that the third grade is the standard grade. 
Length grading: Length grading is carried out by hand-pulling ruler measurement. The main length of the cotton is obtained by pulling the fibers by hand (the length of a group of fibers with the most fibers in a bundle). The cotton bundle is measured with a special ruler to obtain the length of the cotton fiber. Each length value is a guaranteed length, that is to say, 25 mm means that the cotton fiber length is 25.0-25.9 mm, 26 mm means that the cotton fiber length is 26.0-26.9 mm, and so on. At the same time, the national standard also stipulates that 28 mm is the standard length grade; the length of grade five cotton is greater than 27 mm, and is calculated as 27 mm; the length of grade six and seven cotton is calculated as 25 mm. The combination of grade grading and length grading can divide cotton into 33 grades, forming a grade sequence of cotton. For example, the standard product specified by the national standard is 328, which means cotton with grade 3 and a length of 28.0-28.9 mm. 
Micronaire classification: Micronaire is divided into three levels, namely A, B, and C. Level B is the standard level of micronaire.

Table 1: Micronaire classification range

328B fine velvet white cotton is the standard grade, which means fine velvet white cotton with grade three, length 28 mm, and micronaire value B.

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