Yarn (1): Classification of yarn

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In the traditional concept, it is composed of short fibers arranged along the axial direction and twisted, or composed of long fibers (twisted but not twisted) with certain fineness and mechanical properties. The products are collectively referred to as “yarn”. Products made of two or more strands of single yarn and twisted together are collectively called “threads”. Threads with more conformable strands and thicker threads are customarily called “ropes.” In fact, spun yarn is a soft and elongated fiber aggregate formed by fibers gathered along the length direction.
1. Classification according to spinning system
The system of spinning yarn refers to the basic structural elements and structural forms of spinning yarn, which can be divided into “yarn”, “silk” and “thread”.
1. Yarn
Yarn, also known as single yarn, is made of short fibers that are spun and arranged so that the short fibers are arranged in the axial direction and twisted. It can be single-axis or multi-axis, and can introduce filaments or yarns from other axis systems. It can be composed of different types of systems and form yarns of different thicknesses. From this a secondary classification of yarns can be formed.
(1) According to fiber feeding shaft system
In the past, spinning yarns were formed by feeding fiber slivers in a single axis system, and the diversity or multiaxiality of yarn formation is the basic way to change the yarn structure. According to the number of fiber strands fed, common ones include double strands, such as self-twisting spinning, A/B yarn, siro spinning, etc.; split-bundle spinning and multi-roller feeding system spinning with multiple strands. Yarn, etc., but mostly realized on ring spinning.
(2) According to the type of short fiber
Yarn can be divided into cotton or cotton type, wool or wool type, spun silk, linen or linen type, medium-length and chemical fiber yarn, which are respectively called cotton yarn, wool yarn, silk yarn, linen yarn and chemical fiber yarn.
(3) Subdivide according to yarn thickness

Table 1 Thickness classification of cotton yarn and wool yarn

Fineness	Cotton or cotton yarn type		Wool or wool yarn type
Fineness	（tex）	（ British branch)	（ Public branch)
Extra thin	≤ 10	≥ 58	≥ 80
Thin branches	11~20	29 ~54	32 ~80
Middle branch	21 ~31	19 ~28	—
Thick branch	≥ 32	≤ 18	< 32

(4) According to spinning method
This classification method is mainly based on the mechanism and working principle of spinning yarn. For example, traditional ring spinning is referred to as ring yarn, or even directly called “yarn”. Correspondingly, there is non-ring spinning, which is divided into free-end spinning according to the fiber holding effect, such as rotor (air flow) spinning, vortex spinning, electrostatic spinning, friction (dust cage) spinning and other yarns; non-free-end spinning , such as self-twist spinning, air-jet spinning, parallel spinning, wrapped spinning, bonded spinning and other yarns.
2. Silk
The so-called silk refers to a continuous filament bundle, commonly known as filament yarn. Since silk already has the continuous characteristics of yarn and twisting is not as necessary as staple fiber yarn, silk is mainly a deformed yarn that imitates the looseness, curling and hairiness of staple fiber yarn; it imitates the natural thickness, expansion and spatial configuration of natural fiber Different thickness, different cross-section, different shrinkage, different crimp yarn; and industrial filament yarn with high strength and low elongation characteristics of silk-like fiber.
According to the source of silk, there are natural silk (or silk) and chemical fiber silk.
3. Line
The so-called thread is a strand made by combining and twisting two or more single yarns; the strands are then merged and twisted to form a compound-twisted strand. It is a twisted combination of core yarn, decorative yarn and fixed yarn. It has various special structural properties and appearance and is called fancy thread (yarn), or fancy thread.
2. Classification according to fiber composition
Involving two concepts: one is the fibers that make up the yarn; the other is the distribution form of multi-component fibers.
1. Composed of fiber
(1) Pure spinning yarn
Pure spinning yarn is composed of the same fiber, such as pure cotton yarn, wool spinning yarn, viscose fiber spinning yarn, polyacrylonitrile fiber spinning yarn, polyester spinning yarn, nylon spinning yarn, etc.
(2) Blended chemical fiber fabric (mixed fiber) yarn
Blended chemical fiber fabric or cross-twisted yarn is a yarn composed of two or more fibers, such as polyester/cotton blended chemical fiber fabric yarn, wool/polyester blended chemical fiber fabric yarn, wool/nitrile blended chemical fiber fabric yarn, polyester blended chemical fiber fabric yarn, etc. /Viscose/nitrile blended chemical fiber fabric yarn, silk/cotton yarn twisted yarn, etc. Short fiber yarns spun from a mixture of two or more short fibers are called blended chemical fiber fabric yarns; yarns made from a combination (such as twisting) of two or more filament yarns are called blended fiber yarns.
(3) Companion spinning yarn
The yarn spun from soluble fiber (short fiber or filament) and short fiber companion spinning is called companion spinning yarn. Such as water-soluble vinylon companion spinning yarn. Companion spinning is a blended chemical fiber fabric in the fabric process, but in the end the component will exit or partially exit the yarn body.
2. According to the distribution of mixed fibers
(1) Evenly mixed spinning yarn
Yarn, silk, and thread composed of different fiber components, fibers of different colors, or fibers with different properties that are evenly mixed, spun, or plied. The characteristic is that the fibers of each component are evenly and continuously distributed in the yarn body.
(2) Variation of mixed spinning yarn
Spinning yarn with different fiber components, or fibers of different colors, or fibers with different properties distributed gradually or suddenly in the yarn body. Such as gradient yarn, slub yarn, etc.
(3) Combined or combined spinning yarn
Yarn, silk and thread that are combined or laminated together from short fibers and short fibers, short fibers and filaments, filaments and filaments, fiber bundles and yarns. There are many varieties of this type of spinning yarn, such as core-spun yarn, wrapped yarn, filament fancy yarn, etc.

3. Classification according to the purpose of spinning yarn
1. Yarn for woven fabrics
Woven yarn refers to the spinning yarn used to finish woven fabrics, which is divided into two types: warp yarn and weft yarn. The warp yarn is used as the longitudinal spinning yarn of the fabric, which has the characteristics of larger twist, higher strength, and better wear resistance; the weft yarn is used as the transverse spinning yarn of the fabric, which has the characteristics of smaller twist, lower strength, but softer.
2. Yarn for knitted fabrics
Yarn for knitted fabrics is the yarn used for knitted fabrics. Spinning yarn requires higher quality, smaller twist and moderate strength.
3. Other yarns
Including sewing thread, embroidery thread, knitting thread, miscellaneous thread, etc. The requirements for these yarns are different depending on the use.
Spinning yarn (1): Classification of spinning yarn

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AAAYarn for spinning cloth. Such as gradient yarn, slub yarn, etc.
(3) Combined or combined spinning yarn
Yarn, silk and thread that are combined or laminated together from short fibers and short fibers, short fibers and filaments, filaments and filaments, fiber bundles and yarns. There are many varieties of this type of spinning yarn, such as core-spun yarn, wrapped yarn, filament fancy yarn, etc.