Waterproof and breathable fabric waterproofing principle

The waterproofness of the fabric refers to the permeability of the fabric to liquid water Excellent barrier and anti-hate performance. Traditionally, the term “Waterproof fabric” (Waterproof fabric) is used to describe a fabric that can withstand water pressure when water pressure is applied. The completely impermeable fabric, whether it is liquid water or gaseous water, does not always maintain this property throughout its service life. Water cannot pass through the fabric, but it can wet the surface of the fabric. Usually, the fabric can be made waterproof as long as the surface of the fabric is coated or the fabric is compounded with a dense film that cannot pass water.

Water-repellent fabric (Waterepellent fabric) refers to the fabric’s ability to resist the penetration of water under static conditions without being subjected to any external force. Water-repellent fabric allows gaseous water to pass through, but does not allow liquid water to penetrate under static conditions. Its essence is that it does not allow water to wet the fabric. This requires the fabric to have low surface energy.

Waterproof and breathable fabric (Waterproof and Moisture Permeable fabric) refers to the fabric’s ability to be completely impermeable to water even when water pressure is applied, yet permeable to water vapor in daily use, and to maintain this property throughout its entire use period. The essence is that there is a huge difference between the volume of water vapor molecules and water droplets. In order to improve the waterproofness, it is usually required that the outer surface of the fabric is not easily wetted. The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AAASE3RETRUY7I8OFGTCC) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) define repellency as the resistance of fabrics to penetration ability or both.

Liquid water enters the inside of the garment through the fabric of the garment. Two ways:

1． After external water, such as rain or snow, contacts the fabric, the fabric is moistened. Through the capillary effect, the water is transported to the inside of the fabric and other parts of the fabric surface through various gaps and holes in the fabric. This situation is mainly related to the surface energy of the fabric. It is related to surface roughness and appears as a spontaneous process.

2． Under a certain external pressure or its own kinetic energy, water directly penetrates the gaps and holes in the fabric and enters the inside of the fabric. In addition to being related to surface energy and surface roughness, this situation depends to a large extent on the larger gaps in the fabric. The size of the hole. Therefore, the waterproofing of fabrics must also include preventing the fabric from being wetted by water and preventing liquid water from penetrating and penetrating.

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