Application and progress of flame retardant fabric finishing technology

Classification:
flame retardant fabric

According to statistics, more than 20% of fire accidents in the world are caused or expanded by the burning of textiles, especially residential fires. The proportion of fire accidents caused by the ignition or spread of textiles is even greater. Therefore, the flame retardant function of textiles is extremely important to eliminate fire hazards, delay the spread of fire, and thereby reduce the loss of people’s lives and property. Research on flame retardancy of textiles first started in industrially developed countries. Many industrially developed countries have formulated corresponding textile flame retardant standards and testing methods; some countries also enforce textileFlame retardant performance standards in conjunction with relevant laws.

With the development of urban modernization, tourism, and transportation industries, industrial departments and research departments in various countries are competing to conduct research on textile flame-retardant finishing technologies to meet the expanding demand for flame-retardant textiles, and a fierce competition has formed in the international market. Competition has promoted the development of flame retardant finishing technology.

1 Combustion and flame-retardant mechanism. The so-called “Flame-retardant” does not mean that textiles after flame-retardant finishing will not burn when exposed to fire sources, but that the fabrics will It can reduce its flammability as much as possible, slow down the speed of spread, and prevent large-area burning. After leaving the flame, it can self-extinguish quickly and no longer burn or smolder. Flame retardants are closely related to combustion. The new view is that combustion should have four elements: fuel, heat source, oxygen, and chain reaction. Generally, fabric combustion can be divided into three stages, namely thermal decomposition, thermal ignition, and thermal ignition. Corresponding flame retardants are used to resist the four elements of different combustion stages, forming various flame retardant mechanisms. and interruptflame retardantmechanism. According to the existing research results, the flame retardant mechanism can be roughly divided into the following types.

(1) Endothermic reaction: that is, heat removal. Flame retardants with high heat capacity undergo endothermic decomposition reactions such as phase change, dehydration or dehydrohalogenation at high temperatures, reducing the temperature of the fiber surface and flame zone, slowing down the rate of thermal cracking reactions, and inhibiting the generation of flammable gases.

(2) Formation of free radicals: The flame retardant absorbs heat and turns into a gas. The gas captures a large number of high-energy hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen radicals in the flame zone, reducing their concentration, thereby inhibiting or interrupting the combustion chain reaction. In the gas phase Play a flame retardant role.

(3) Melting theory: Under the action of heat and energy, the flame retardant transforms into a molten state, forming an impermeable covering layer on the surface of the fabric, becoming a barrier between the condensed phase and the flame, blocking heat conduction and heat radiation. Reduce the heat feedback to the fiber material, thereby inhibiting thermal cracking and combustion reactions.

(4) Particle surface effect: If a certain amount of inert particles are mixed in the combustible gas, it can not only absorb the combustion heat and reduce the flame temperature, but also can remove a large number of high-energy hydrogen radicals in the gas phase combustion reaction on the surface of the particles. Transformed into low-energy hydroperoxyl radicals, thereby inhibiting gas-phase combustion.

(5) Generation of non-flammable gases: The flame retardant decomposes endothermically to release non-flammable gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ammonia, diluting the concentration of flammable gases at the cracking point of the fiber material below the combustion limit; or causing the central part of the flame to There is insufficient oxygen in the area, preventing combustion from continuing. In addition, this non-flammable gas also has a heat dissipation and cooling effect.

(6) Condensed phase flame retardant: Through the action of flame retardants, in the condensed phase reaction zone, the thermal cracking reaction process of the fiber macromolecular chain is changed, prompting dehydration, condensation, cyclization, cross-linking and other reactions to occur until carbonization. Increase the carbonization residue and reduce the generation of flammable gas, allowing the flame retardant to play a flame retardant role in the condensed phase.

Due to the different molecular structures of fibers and types of flame retardants, the flame retardant effect is very complex and is not limited to the above aspects. In order to obtain the best flame retardant effect, the above-mentioned mechanisms should be made to work together as much as possible, such as utilizing synergistic effects.

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Classification of commonly used flame retardants: There are many types of flame retardants, and there are many ways to classify them. According to the flame retardant elements contained, it is divided into halogen-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants, etc.; according to the use method of flame retardants and the existence form in the polymer, it is divided into additive type and reaction type. Type; according to the durability of flame retardant fabrics, it is divided into three types: non-durable flame retardant finishing agents, semi-durable flame retardant finishing agents, and durable flame retardant finishing agents; according to the type of compound, it can be divided into inorganic flame retardants and organic flame retardants. agent.

Henan Special Textile has 15 years of mature protective fabric production experience and 10 years of European and American sales experience. It specializes in the production of flame retardant fabrics | flame retardant cloth | flame retardant anti-static fabrics | cotton flame retardant fabrics | CVC flame retardant fabrics | cotton nylon flame retardant fabrics | Oil-proof and waterproof fabrics | Acid and alkali resistant fabrics | Anti-static fabrics | Anti-UV fabrics | Manufacturers of functional fabrics such as anti-mosquito fabrics, consultation phone number: E-mail:

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