Classification of waterproof fabrics

Classification:
Oil and water repellent fabric

Types of Waterproof and Breathable Fabrics: High-density fabrics use high-count microfibers and other ultra-fine synthetic fibers to make a tight fabric, so that the fabric has a higher water content. Vapor permeability, it has certain waterproof properties after water-repellent finishing. The fabric is made of separated fibers. After high shrinkage, it supports the ultra-high-density fabric. Its density is 20 times that of ordinary fabrics. It can withstand water pressure up to 600mm water column and has a moisture permeability of 7000g/m.
2. More than 24h.

Waterproof and breathable fabric Type:

High density fabric:

High-density fabrics use high-count microfibers and other ultra-fine synthetic fibers to make tight fabrics, so that the fabrics have high water vapor penetration and have a certain degree of waterproofness after water-repellent finishing. The fabric is made of separated fibers. After high shrinkage, it supports the ultra-high-density fabric. Its density is 20 times that of ordinary fabrics. It can withstand water pressure up to 600mm water column and has a moisture permeability of 7000g/m.
2. More than 24h. Japanese Teijin uses microfiber to make water-repellent and waterproof fabrics based on the waterproofing mechanism of lotus leaves. It has a water pressure resistance of 700mm water column and a moisture permeability of greater than 8000g/m 2
.24h. High density is characterized by good moisture permeability, softness and drape, but low water pressure resistance (generally less than 100mm), more fabric breaks, high defective rate, and difficulty in dyeing and finishing; the durability of the fabric The tear strength is low and the abrasion resistance is also poor.

Coated fabric:

Coated fabrics can be divided into two types: hydrophilic coatings and microporous coatings. Hydrophilic coated fabrics are coated with a hydrophilic coating on the surface of the fabric. Since the coating covers all the gaps in the fabric, it canWaterproof. If there are hydrophilic groups on the polymer chain and the content and arrangement are appropriate, they can interact with water molecules and adsorb water molecules on the high temperature side with the help of hydrogen chains and other intermolecular forces. The groups pass to the low humidity side for desorption. Moisture permeability is a process of “adsorption-diffusion-desorption”. The hydrophilic groups are called “chemical step stones.” If the intermolecular pore and chain segment sizes are at the same level, there will be selectivity for water molecules of different diameters.
It is equivalent to a “molecular sieve”, so the introduction of hydrophilic groups into coated fabrics will improve its moisture permeability; coated fabrics are generally simple to process and are characterized by small moisture permeability and low water pressure resistance. Due to the limitations of raw materials, technology and the method itself, the contradiction between moisture permeability, air permeability, water pressure resistance and water washing resistance has not been resolved.

Composite fabric:

Composite fabric combines excellent waterproof, moisture permeability, windproof and warmth properties, and has obvious technical advantages. It uses composite technology to combine the excellence of ordinary textile fabrics and high-tech film products, learn from each other’s strengths, fully demonstrate the characteristics of the times of differentiation and functionality, and represent the current WaterproofingHigh level of breathable fabrics; composite fabrics currently mainly include TPU film, PES film and e-PTFE film.

From a structural point of view, TPU and PES films are non-porous. They effectively transfer sweat in the clothing through the hydrophilicity of the structural polymer. Polymer molecules can form weak cross-links with water molecules and transport water along their own polymer chains.
Affected by temperature and humidity, as long as the temperature and humidity inside the clothes are higher than outside, the direction of transmitting water vapor molecules is from the inside to the outside. The e-PTFE film is microporous. It uses a unique processing technology to form a multi-microporous structure. The film thickness is about 25mm-35mm, and the opening rate is as high as 80℅, with more than 10 per square centimeter. There are billions of micropores, the pore diameter is more than 700 times larger than water vapor molecules, sweat can pass through, but the pore diameter is about 5000-20000 times smaller than water droplets, liquid water cannot pass through.

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