Fabric knowledge
Classification:
Flame retardant fabric-News
1. Classification of fabrics:
1. According to the manufacturing method, it can be divided into: woven fabrics and knitted fabrics
(1) Woven blended fabric: Because it is interlaced with two sets of yarns in the warp and weft directions, it has good dimensional and morphological stability
, the clothing made is not easy to deform, but the disadvantage is that it has no elasticity.
(2) Knitted fabric: It is formed by loops formed by one or several yarns that are inserted into each other and connected into pieces, so its size and shape are stable
It has poor elasticity, but its elasticity and drape are better, making it soft and comfortable to wear.
2. According to the composition, it is divided into: natural fabrics, chemical fiber fabrics and blended fabrics.
Natural fabrics: cotton, linen, wool, silk, etc.
Chemical fiber fabrics: polyester, acrylic, nylon, viscose, spandex, polyester fiber.
Blended fabrics: made of chemical fibers and natural fibers through textile methods, such as wool-polyester, polyester-cotton, wool and linen, polyester, nylon and spandex mixed, polyester
Lun viscose fiber mixing, etc. The main feature is to reflect the superior properties of various fibers in the raw materials to improve the wearing performance of the fabric and expand its clothing
applicability. Due to the complexity of the processing technology, sometimes the blended fabric is more expensive than the original fabric
2. Our commonly used fabrics
1. Cotton: plant fiber. Its main advantages are moisture absorption, good breathability, and comfortable wearing. However, cotton wrinkles easily, cannot be dyed in bright colors, fades easily, and ages
It melts quickly, will shrink to a certain extent after washing, has poor elasticity, poor tolerance, strong alkali resistance, and is prone to mildew, but is resistant to insects.
2. Linen: Because linen fabric is a plant fiber, its characteristics are basically similar to cotton fabric, except that the surface of linen fabric is smoother, smoother and more elastic
, good breathability, strong moisture absorption and heat dissipation.
(1) The strength, thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity of hemp plants are greater than those of cotton fabrics, and they are tough, durable, sweat-absorbent and refreshing;
(2) It has good anti-fungal properties and good water resistance, and is not easily eroded by water and becomes moldy.
(3) The sensitivity to acid and alkali is low, and the elasticity of hemp fiber is poor among various natural fibers;
(4) The ironing temperature of linen fabric is 170~195 degrees. It can be ironed directly on the reverse side after spraying water.
Washing knowledge: Similar to the maintenance method of cotton, you can hang it to dry directly without twisting the water after washing.
3. Woolen fabrics.
(1) Strong and wear-resistant: The surface of wool fiber is protected by a layer of scales, which makes the fabric have good wear-resistant performance and hard and tough texture;
(2) Light weight and good warmth retention: The relative density of wool is smaller than that of cotton. Therefore, for clothing of the same size and thickness, wool fabrics appear lighter
skillful. Wool is a poor conductor of heat, so wool fabrics have better warmth retention properties, especially woolen woolen woolen fabrics that have been milled and have a smooth surface
The fluff can resist the invasion of cold air from the outside and prevent the heat generated by the human body from dissipating; (3) Good elasticity and anti-wrinkle properties:
Wool has natural curl, high rebound rate, and good elasticity. Garments sewn with wool fabrics are less likely to wrinkle after being ironed and shaped.
Wrinkles can keep the face smooth, crisp and beautiful for a long time, but hair balls sometimes appear.
(4) Strong hygroscopicity and comfortable wearing: Wool fabric has strong hygroscopicity and can absorb the moisture discharged by the human body, so it feels dry and comfortable when worn
suitable.
(5) Not easy to fade: High-grade velvet fabrics are generally dyed with higher techniques, allowing the dyeing to penetrate into the inner layer of the fiber, and the fabric can be maintained for a longer period of time
Keeps the color fresh.
(6) Dirt resistance: Because there are scales on the surface, it can hide dust and resist static electricity.
(7) The alkali resistance is poor, because animal protein is prone to mold and insects when it is wet, and it is difficult to wash. It will shrink and deform after washing, and it can only be dried
wash.
Washing knowledge: Use special silk wool detergent for washing, need a cloth or steam ironing, iron the back first and then the front, otherwise “aurora” will appear
4. Silk: good luster, bright and luxurious colors, the fabric is light and soft, suitable for summer clothing, has good hygroscopicity, is cooler, and natural
Contains silk protein to benefit skin health when worn next to the skin. The disadvantages are that it shrinks, wrinkles easily, fades easily after washing and needs to be ironed, and the storage of clothes requires special
Please note that you should use acidic detergent when washing.
Washing knowledge: Wash with special silk wool detergent, hang in a cool place to dry, and iron at 150 degrees Celsius.
5. Polyester:
(1)
Polyester fabric has high strength and elastic recovery capabilities. Not only is it durable, it’s also stiff, wrinkle-resistant, and doesn’t require ironing after washing.
(2)
Polyester fabric has low hygroscopicity and is easy to wash and quick-dry during wearing and use. The strength does not decrease after being wet, does not deform, and has good
Washable and wearable features.
(3) The disadvantage of polyester fabric is that it has poor permeability and can easily feel stuffy when worn.Generates static electricity and causes dust contamination, and has poor melting resistance. When wearing
Contact with soot and sparks will cause holes immediately. However, the above shortcomings can be obtained on fabrics blended with cotton, wool, silk, linen and viscose fiber
to improve.
(4)
Polyester fabric has good wear resistance and thermoplasticity. Therefore, the garments made have better pleats and shape retention. Washing knowledge: suitable for all kinds of washing
Agent, need a cloth or steam ironing, otherwise “mirror surface” will appear or the fabric will soften. The ironing temperature should be 180-220 degrees Celsius.
6. Nylon: Nylon competes with synthetic fiber clothing materials for its excellent wear resistance and light weight and good wearing properties. For half a century, it is still
occupies an important position.
(1) The wear resistance of nylon fabrics ranks first among all natural and chemical fiber fabrics. Similar products are 10 times higher than cotton and viscose fabrics and better than pure
Wool fabric is 20 times higher and about 4 times higher than polyester fabric. Its strength is also very high, with minimal loss in wet strength. Therefore, nylon pure spinning and blended spinning
All have good durability.
(2)
Among synthetic fiber fabrics, nylon fabric has better hygroscopicity, so its wearing comfort and dyeability are better than polyester fabric.
(3) Nylon fabric is light in texture and can be used on clothing to add a sense of lightness.
(4)
Nylon fabric has excellent elasticity and elastic recovery, but it is easy to deform under small external force. Therefore, it is difficult to shape the pleats of clothing and the wearing process
It is easy to wrinkle under stress.
(5)
Nylon fabric has poor heat resistance and light resistance. Pay attention to washing, ironing and wearing conditions during use to avoid damage.
Washing knowledge: Suitable for various detergents, requires cloth or steam ironing. Do not use excessive force when ironing and washing. The ironing temperature is 150 –
180 degrees Celsius.
7. Acrylic:
(1) Acrylic fiber is known as synthetic wool, and its elasticity and bulkiness are comparable to natural wool. Acrylic fabric is not only stiff and wrinkle-resistant, but also warm
better. Thermal insulation measurement results prove that acrylic fabrics are about 15% warmer than similar wool fabrics.
(2) The light resistance of acrylic fabric ranks first among all kinds of fibers. Silk, nylon, viscose and wool fabrics that have been exposed to sunlight for a year have been basically destroyed
, while the strength of acrylic fabric only drops by about 20%.
(3) Acrylic fabrics have bright colors, and blending them with wool in an appropriate proportion can improve the appearance and color without affecting the feel.
(4) Acrylic fabric has good heat resistance, ranking second among synthetic fibers, and is acid and oxidant resistant, so it is widely used.
(5) Among synthetic fiber fabrics, acrylic fabric is lighter.
(6) Acrylic fabric has poor hygroscopicity, feels stuffy when worn, and has poor comfort.
(7) The structure of acrylic fiber determines the poor wear resistance of the fabric. It is a product with poor wear resistance among chemical fiber fabrics (washing and maintenance methods are similar to nylon)
.
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