Flame retardant treatment of fibers
Flame retardant mechanism
The flame retardant treatment of fibers is to add a certain flame retardant to some flammable raw fibers (such as polyester, cotton, acrylic) to inhibit free radicals during the combustion process; or to change the thermal decomposition process of the fiber to promote Dehydration and carbonization; some make the flame retardant decompose and release non-flammable gas to cover the surface of the fiber to isolate the air.
Flame retardant treatment method
1. Improve the thermal stability of fiber-forming polymers
(1) Introduce aromatic rings or aromatic heterocyclic rings into the macromolecular chain of the fiber-forming polymer to increase the rigidity of the molecular chain, the density and cohesion of the macromolecular chain, and then use this high thermal stability polymer with wet Fibers are made by spinning.
(2) Through the cross-linking reaction between linear macromolecular chains in the fiber, it becomes a three-dimensional cross-linked structure, preventing the carbon chain from breaking, and becoming a flame-retardant fiber that does not shrink or melt.
(3) Leave the fiber in an air oxidation furnace at 200-300°C for tens of minutes or hours to cause the fiber macromolecules to be heated and carbonized to become flame-retardant fiber.
2. Flame retardant modification of raw yarn
(1) Copolymerization method: In the synthesis process of fiber-forming polymers, compounds containing flame retardant elements such as phosphorus, halogen, and sulfur are introduced into the macromolecular chain as comonomers (reactive flame retardants), and then This highly flame retardant substance is added to the fiber.
(2) Blending method: It belongs to the original fiber modification like the copolymerization method. It is a method of adding flame retardant to the spinning melt or spinning flame retardant fiber.
(3) Graft modification: Use radiant heat, high-energy electron beams or chemical initiators to graft and copolymerize fibers (or fabrics) with vinyl-type flame retardant monomers to obtain effective and lasting flame retardant modification. method. The flame retardancy of grafted flame-retardant modified fibers is related to the type of flame-retardant elements in the graft monomer and the grafting position. The order of influence of the grafting position on the flame-retardant effect is: core grafting > uniform grafting > surface graft.
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