Flame retardant fabric testing methods and standards

Some time ago, I compiled some information on textile fabric testing and now publish it for everyone to share.
1. Shrinkage rate:
At present, there are two types of shrinkage rates we often talk about: national standard and American standard. The national standard test is the 2A procedure. Everyone knows that it is washed at 60 degrees for 13 minutes, but there are several drying methods: air drying, flat screen drying, hanging drying, etc. Since there are currently no testing requirements in the business department, flat mesh drying is used for all material testing routines. Only crepe and linen fabrics are dried by air. (G
(1), AATCC135
1. Washing program: (1) Normal; (2) Gentle; (3) No ironing
2. The washing temperature is specified as follows:
Cold wash
Ⅱ
27±3°C
Warm wash
Ⅲ
41±3°C
Hot wash
Ⅳ
49±3°C
Hot wash
Ⅴ
60±3°C
The water temperature is below 29 degrees
3. Drying procedure:
A.
Tumble dry: Put the sample and accompanying cloth into the dryer and set the temperature to dry. After the sample is completely dry, blow it with cold air for 5 minutes and immediately remove it from the dryer. Place it in a standard environment of 21±1°C (70±2°F) and humidity of 65±2% for 4 hours.

The exhaust air temperature setting is as follows:
Light
Soft:
Low temperature
L Ⅱ less than 60°C
Standard
Accurate:
medium temperature
M Ⅰ 66±5°C
Permanent
Preess:
High temperature
H Ⅲ 66±5°C
B. Hang to dry: Use clamps to clamp the two corners of the sample. Hang with the warp side facing up and hang to dry in an environment with room temperature and no flowing wind.
C. Drip drying: Use clamps to clamp the two corners of the sample. Hang it with the warp side facing up and place it in a room temperature environment with no flowing wind to drip dry.
D. Flat drying: Place the washed sample flat on the screen, smooth out the wrinkles, and dry flat at room temperature in an environment without flowing wind.
Standard drying
4. After-care treatment
1,
After washing and drying each sample, place it on a grid in a constant temperature and humidity room and let it stand for 4 hours before taking a reading. If necessary, after washing and drying the clothes for the second and third times, place them flat on a grid in a constant temperature and humidity room and let them sit for 4 hours to obtain the results after three washings.

2. If wrinkles occur on the surface of the sample. It needs to be ironed with hot press. After ironing, spread the sample flat and place it at 21±
Leave for 4 hours in a standard environment of 1°C (70±2°F) and humidity of 65±2%.
3. If the tissue surface is uneven, you can use a low-temperature iron to flatten it.
(2) ISO-5077 and ISO-6330 testing in Europe. At present, physical testing is basically not carried out because there is no equipment, but I will briefly talk about it:
1. All test shrinkage is directly programmed on the machine: 1A-9A, so just press the program directly. Currently we use American standard machines to do European standards.
For example: ISO5077-1984/ISO6330-1984, use 5A for 12 minutes, 40°C, 4KG with cloth
Wash once and three times with clean water.
2. Its drying method should be the same as AATCC135. It can only be simulated and tested, not absolutely the same.
(3) Japan JISL1096 (G method*3 times) is commonly used and is similar to AATCC135
40°C, 15 minutes, water twice, wash three times and dry three times. There are four drying methods. Only the detergent used is different.
2. Special finishing
1. Flatness: AATCC124. The washing method test is the same as the shrinkage test. Generally, each customer corresponds to it. The main reason is that the washing water temperature and washing times are different.
2. Waterproof performance test: generally measure an initial value and test results after N times of water washing
Waterproof test: spray method: AATCC22 and ISO4920 are the same

Dropping method: Directly drop prepared water onto the surface of the cloth to observe the spread and penetration of the water droplets.
3. Oil-proof performance test (AATCC118): directly use oil droplets of 0.5MM size, and spread after 30 seconds
4. Formaldehyde content test: Under normal circumstances, the formaldehyde content of conventional finishing is less than 20PPM, so the physical test is generally not tested. Only those finished with resin will be tested for formaldehyde content. Divided into AATCC112, JIS
There are two tests, L1041, and the most commonly used JISL1041 test.
FREE FORMALDEHYDE: FREE FOR MALDEHYDE CONTENT
By soaking the fabric in water, and after specified temperature, time, and static treatment, formaldehyde is hydrolyzed and dissolved in the water.
Formaldehyde release: measured by the release method. After the fabric is exposed to specified temperature, time, and static treatment, formaldehyde is released into the air and then dissolves in water.
Generally, the formaldehyde released is higher than the free formaldehyde.
three,
PH value test: Normally, the fabric is dissolved in water and the PH value of the water is measured. Therefore, sometimes due to unclear alkali removal in the front process, adding acid in the back process always fails, and adding too much acid will lead to acid-base neutralization and reduced strength.

4. Color fastness test:
1. Washing fastness (COLOUR FASTNESS TO
WASHING): unchanged, multi-fiber stainingLike itself, each customer is assigned a test code. Such as AATCC61
There are 1A and 2A, and ISO105 is C01-C05.
2. COLOUR FASTNESS TO RUBBING
CROCKING): The United States (AATCC8) and Europe (ISO105*12) tests both use this equipment in the current testing room, but the specific operation is a little different – the United States tests at a 45-degree angle, and the liquid content of the wet white cloth is 65 %, the European test is divided into longitude and weft directions, the liquid content of wet rubbed white cloth is 100%

3. COLOR FASTNESS TO
PERPERIATION): Same as washing fastness, unchanged change, multi-fiber staining and self-staining; American (AATCC15) and European tests (ISO105
E04) Use different multi-fiber stained cloths, all using the equipment currently in the testing room, but the specific operations are also different – the United States only tests acidic sweat (PH value 4.3+/-0.2), while Europe must test at the same time Acidic and alkaline (acidic pH 5.5
Alkaline pH 8.0).
4. COLOR FASTNESS TO
LIGHT): The current sunlight fastness of physical testing rooms in Europe (ISO105-B02) and the United States (AATCC16) can only be used as a reference, only energy, without ventilation and humidity.

5. Water stain fastness (COLOUR FASTNESSTO
WATER) Europe (ISO105-E01) and the United States (AATCC107) use a perspiration fastness tester, which is basically the same as the perspiration fastness test, except that it is tested directly with distilled water, and generally only the perspiration fastness test is done. Special requirements will be tested.

6. Non-chlorine bleaching fastness: (COLOUR FASTNESS TO NON-CHLORINE
: It mainly tests the fading condition of fabrics after washing with colored bleaching powder. Each customer will have their own testing requirements (AATCC172, AATCC-VSS05, immersion bath method and spot method, etc.)

7. COLOR FASTNESS TO CHLORINE
): Compared with non-chlorine bleaching fastness, it mainly tests the fading of fabrics after bleaching and washing.
8. COLOUR FASTNESS TO DRY CLEANING: American (AATCC132) and European tests (ISO105
D01) Use different multi-fiber staining cloths. They all use the equipment currently in the test room, but the specific operations are also different.
5. Physical testing
1. Tensile strength (ASTM D5034, ASTM D5035)
2. Tear strength (ASTM D1424, ASTM D2261)
3. Seam slippage (ASTM D434): Seam slippage testing is divided into two categories: fixed length method and fixed load method; ASTM
D434 is a fixed length method, which refers to the force required to open the slide at 1/4 inch (6.4MM). For example, Martha refers to the force required to open the slide at 2.5MM. The other type is tested at Fixed force (e.g. 80
N,120N), the size of slip. I basically use ASTM D434 at present.
4. Pilling (ASTM D3512, ASTM D4970): ASTM
D3512 is random tumbling and pilling, which mainly tests the phenomenon of pilling on the fabric surface after friction similar to random tumbling. Level 5 is good and level 1 is poor; it can be expressed as half a level. The friction time is generally 30 minutes and 60 minutes. ASTM
D4966 uses a Martin denier tester to test the pilling phenomenon after N circles of friction between fabrics. Similarly, level 5 is good and level 1 is poor; it can be expressed by half level.
5. Wear resistance test (ASTM D4966)

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