Standards and test methods for flame retardant fabrics at home and abroad
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flame retardant fabric
1. Standards and testing methods for flame-retardant fabrics at home and abroad. Currently, there are many methods for testing the smoldering performance of textiles in the world. Each country has its own standards, such as British BS, German DIN, Canadian CGSB, American FS, Swiss SNV, and Japan. JIS, French ANF, Swedish SIS, Chinese GB and internationally recognized standards ISO, etc. Regions and organizations in certain countries, such as major cities or states in the United States such as New York, Boston, and California, as well as the Department of Commerce (DOCFF), Department of Transportation (DOT), and military agencies; various groups, societies, or associations, such as the National Fire Protection Association (NF-PA), Association of Textile Chemists and Dyers (AASDFERHYTJTITCC), Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM), etc., all have their own set of testing standards and methods. Different types of textiles have different testing methods for specialized varieties or finished products, such as ordinary textiles (including various bedding), clothing textiles (including children’s pajamas, work clothes and protective clothing, etc.), decorative fabrics (including curtains, curtains, etc.) Tent cloth, etc.), ground coverings (carpets, etc.) and textile supplies in cars, trains, cars, ships, etc. Testing methods can be summarized into three categories, vertical testing method, horizontal testing method and tilt (45°, 30°) testing method. The vertical testing method has higher requirements and the horizontal testing method has lower requirements. 2. Other testing methods for textiles: Several widely used small-scale testing methods can be used for scientific research or production of fabric burning properties. Smoke test method (referring to various fire data accumulated over a long period of time, the smoke and toxicity of burning fabrics are analyzed. Its harmfulness is often more serious than the flame and heat generated during combustion, which is the main cause of human death. Domestic There are special instruments and equipment for this type of testing outside the country, and its principle is mostly based on the light transmission method. Through the smoke density measurement transmittance and time curve, various parameters can be obtained, including optical density, maximum smoke density, average The speed of smoke generation and light transmittance, as well as the time required to reach 75% (specific optical density 16), can be used to more comprehensively evaluate the smoke generation of vinyl-resist textile materials. This type is often used in the construction industry and high-efficiency transportation departments. Instruments and testing methods are used to research and select flame-retardant materials. Oxygen index method Since the 1990s, combined with the massive development of chemical fiber products, the oxygen index method has become one of the widely used small-scale test methods in textile testing, and fabrics have also been formulated domestically. National standard for combustion performance measurement (GB5454-85). Oxygen index refers to the lower oxygen concentration required for materials in the oxygen-nitrogen mixture to maintain combustion under specified test conditions. During the test, the sample is clamped in a transparent combustion tube , in which there is an upward flow of oxygen and nitrogen gas. Light the upper end of the sample, observe the subsequent combustion phenomenon, and compare it with the specified limit value to measure its continuous burning time or the distance burned. By burning in different oxygen concentrations In the test of the sample in the column, lower oxygen concentration can be measured. Determination of flash point and autoignition point (GB9343-88) and ignition temperature. Flash point refers to the material decomposing by heat to release flammable gas, and it can just be ignited by a small external flame. The lower initial temperature of the surrounding air. The natural point refers to the lower initial temperature of the surrounding air when the material is heated to a certain temperature and ignites without an external ignition source, but explodes or burns by itself. The above various tests are used for various types of fabrics (flame retardant or not flame retardant) under the action of heat or flame, as a factor to evaluate the fire risk. In addition, the analysis and research on the toxicity of fabric combustion gases has also been paid attention to in recent years, and it can be carried out with **, gas chromatograph, etc. Analysis, there are reports abroad of flame retardant finishing thermal analysis. When the fabric is heated or cooled according to a certain temperature program, a series of physical or chemical changes often occur. Thermal analysis technology is to study or measure the mass or energy of the substance when these changes occur. Functional relationship that changes with (or time). There are many thermal analysis techniques, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are commonly used in flame retardant testing.
：Textile
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