Cotton spinning equipment converted to spinning fancy yarns and control
In recent years, fancy yarn fabrics including woven and knitted fabrics have become popular in the international market. They are widely used in clothing, decoration, travel items, etc. When my country joins the WTO, it is necessary to develop high-quality and low-cost fabrics. Various types of fancy yarns provide a good opportunity for us to actively participate in international market competition.
1. The significance of modifying cotton spinning equipment to fancy twisting machines
For fancy yarn fabrics, the demand for fancy yarn fabrics is relatively large in economically developed countries abroad. Domestic demand is relatively small. This demand reflects the contradiction between people’s purchasing power level and the cost of manufacturing fancy yarns, as well as people’s understanding of fancy yarn fabrics and other issues. Efforts to reduce the manufacturing cost of fancy yarns and develop cheap, high-quality, popular and novel fancy yarns have become the key to opening up the international and domestic markets for fancy yarns and their fabrics. When purchasing a fancy twisting machine, the price ranges from tens to hundreds of thousands per unit, and there are only 25 spindles. It occupies about half the area of a spinning frame, requires high equipment investment, has a small number of operating spindles, and has high operating costs. Using an ordinary cotton spinning frame to modify it can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost of fancy yarns and enhance market competitiveness. An ordinary spinning machine can be converted into a fancy twisting machine. The price is less than 1,000 yuan. Each unit has 416 spindles. It can be used as 7 to 8 regular fancy twisting machines. When fancy yarns are not being spun, just use By restoring some parts, ordinary yarn can be spun. The disadvantage is that some fancy yarns require two twists to be completed using a modified fancy twisting machine, while the hollow spindle twisting machine can twist them in one go.
2. Cotton spinning equipment changed to fancy twisting machine
2.1 Fancy yarn structure
Fancy yarn structure determines its technology Design requirements and process design requirements will determine its equipment modification. At present, the structure of fancy yarns can be roughly divided into two categories: single yarn and double-strand yarn, which are characterized by regular or irregular yarn lengths. Regular slubs or knots, such as knot yarn, snowflake yarn, corrugated yarn, filament slub yarn, short fiber slub yarn, etc.; the second category is mainly made of three or more yarns twisted together, and is characterized by The yarn has a coil-like or spiral appearance, such as bead loop thread, loop thread, wreath thread, braid thread, spiral flower thread, pearl thread, etc.
Generally, slub fancy yarns of various lengths can be spun on modified carding machines, roving frames, and spinning frames in ordinary cotton spinning mills. Loop fancy yarns and spiral fancy yarns must be spun by transforming the spinning frame into a fancy twisting machine. From the perspective of scale efficiency and spinning quality, the twisting machine modified from the spinning frame has a large number of spindles, high output, and the pattern is not easy to deform after spinning. Here we mainly introduce some methods of converting spinning machines into fancy yarn equipment. The technological requirements of fancy yarns, namely knot yarn and slub yarn, are to twist two different yarns into one process to spin knot yarn and slub yarn; in the second process, the knot yarn or slub yarn is made with its corresponding yarn. Matching ordinary yarns are twisted together to form knotted threads or slub threads. The technological requirements for the second type of fancy thread, namely loop yarn and spiral yarn, are to be composed of three or more yarns. The fancy thread is divided into three parts, one part is the core yarn, which is the core of the entire fancy thread. The foundation and skeleton are at the center of the fancy thread; the second part is the decorative yarn, which is the pattern component of the fancy thread. It is wrapped regularly on the core yarn shaft according to the process requirements, and the decorative yarn is wrapped The rules directly affect the fancy effect of fancy lines. The third part is the binding yarn, that is, the fixing yarn, which is wrapped outside the decorative yarn. It mainly fixes the pattern, enhances the effect of the pattern, and increases the wear resistance and strength of the pattern thread. In the first process, a fancy twisting machine is used to twist the decorative yarn and the core yarn according to a certain pattern into a floral thread. In the second process, an ordinary twisting machine is used to twist the floral yarn and the binding yarn to form a fancy yarn. Twisted thread is commonly known as Erhua thread in production.
The structural characteristics of fancy twist determine its spinning process. In the transformation of spinning equipment, focus is on (1) drafting part, (2) winding forming, (3) tension control device, Three parts were remodeled.
2.2 Transformation of the drafting part of the spinning frame
The A513MA has three rows of front, middle and rear rollers. The weighting arm is pressurized. The yarn fed from the rear roller passes through the middle roller, For front roller output, there are the following equipment modification directions for different fancy lines.
2.2.1 Equipment modification for spinning knotted yarn
The knotted yarn is formed on a single yarn regularly, with thick spots that are three times thicker than the original yarn. The roving is fed in and the spun yarn is output. , it can be modified by the A513C type car, and controlled by the electrical device to make the front roller rotate intermittently regularly, and the drafting strips will appear regularly in the front area of drafting, and the single yarn of the output front roller will show knotted yarn. In order to prevent the noodles from being too blocked when the middle rubber roller is output, which will affect the smooth formation of the surging strips, the middle rubber roller can use a slippery groove of about 1mm.
2.2.2 Equipment modification for spinning slub yarn
Slub yarn is formed on a single yarn regularly, with slubs about twice as thick as the original yarn, and is fed by roving For the spun yarn output, the main transformation is to grind the front top roller axially to a plane of about 1mm so that it has a concave and convex surface. When the whiskers reach the front top roller, the holding force of the gripping feature changes regularly, resulting in unstable After drafting, thick and thin yarn sections form slub yarn.
2.2.3 Spinning yarn, spiral yarn��Equipment transformation
The feeding part of loop yarn and spiral yarn is single yarn, and the output is loop yarn and spiral yarn. No matter how many yarn slivers are fed from the rear roller, if they are output from the front roller at the same speed , and evenly twisted together, which obviously cannot form a pattern. To spin fancy yarn, two or more yarns of different speeds must be output at the nip of the front roller at the same time, so that the faster yarn presses Certain pattern requirements are regularly wound on slow yarn to form pattern yarn. We removed the back roller (in order to use this position as a yarn guide device), and used the speed difference between the front and middle rollers to form pattern spinning fancy threads. A concave groove was cut on each of the middle and front top rollers, and the decorative yarn passed through The groove of the middle top roller is held by the front top roller, and the front roller outputs the jaws at the speed of the front roller. The core yarn passes through the concave groove of the front top roller, is held by the middle top roller, and outputs the front roller jaws at the speed of the center roller. By outputting the speed of two different yarns from the front roller nip at the same time, you can get a certain pattern of fancy yarns according to the pattern design. The speed ratio is different for different patterns.
When spinning fancy threads, cut a concave groove on each of the middle and front top rollers. The decorative yarn passes through the groove of the middle top roller and is held by the front top roller roller. The front roller speed output clamp mouth, the core yarn passes through the concave groove of the front top roller, is held by the middle top roller, and is output to the front roller nip at the speed of the middle roller. The speed of two different yarns is output to the front roller nip at the same time, and it can be designed according to the pattern. Fancy yarns with a certain pattern have different speed ratios and different patterns.
2.3 Transformation of the winding forming part
A513MA winding transformation* is carried out by adjusting the lifting and lowering teeth Z 10/Z 11. Z 10/Z 11 is to adjust the speed or steel of the forming cam The time for the collar plate to rise and fall directly affects the size of the winding circle distance H. When the spun yarn number is changed into a pair of gears Z 10/Z 11, it cannot be selected at will. According to the A513MA product design formula Z 10/Z 11=4406.74×[(Hsima/2)/(D 2-d 2)] (Formula 1), the winding pitch is selected as 4 times the yarn diameter, that is, the yarn diameter A=1/4H (Formula 2) When the steel ring diameter is 45mm, the bobbin diameter D=42mm, the bobbin diameter d=18mm, the bobbin forming angle a/2=14°37′, the above known conditions and Substitute formula (2) into formula (1) to get:
Z 10/Z 11=4406.74×[(4Asim14°37′)/(42 2-18 2)]
=4443.8A /1440
=3.08A
A=0.07
Z 10/Z 11=0.216
(Note: The fancy line speed ratio is between 1.3- When changing between 2.1, the yarn diameter is 0.06-0.08, and the average value is 0.07).
Even if the 2.5 module teeth of the drafting part are used for lifting, that is, when Z 10/Z 11 is 71/23 (23T is a smaller tooth, any smaller teeth may cause mechanical interference), 71/ 23=0.216, tex=204 can only spin fancy threads above 204tex (about 5 cents). Therefore, it is necessary to improve the winding part when spinning fancy yarns with a count of less than 5. Therefore, we changed the lifting gear of the A513MA and modified the transmission of the lifting part.
We used the carding machine chain teeth to be hollowed out and used them on the lifting wheels of the spinning frame. When the passive chain teeth were changed from 20T to 15T, the chain transmission ratio changed from 20/20 to 20 /15, that is, 1.33 times, you can spin 204×1.33=271tex. By analogy, changing the transmission ratio of the lifting chain can completely meet the needs of fancy yarns above 500tex.
2.4 Settings of tension control device
Knot yarn and slub yarn do not need to change the original tension rod device. Loop yarn and spiral yarn are fed with more than two single yarns, so they need to be strengthened. Its tension control. Tension control is an indispensable condition for spinning fancy threads. The pattern change pattern and size are largely determined by the tension adjustment device. The tension adjustment of fancy threads should mainly be placed in the twisting triangle area and the roller input part. . The adjustment of yarn tension in the twist triangle area should be controlled by speed and twist according to the pattern requirements. The control of the input roller yarn tension is completed by the yarn guide device. On the basis of the original yarn guide rod on the car, we added two more yarn guide rods. By controlling the winding angle, we can control the tension of the core yarn and decorative yarn entering the roller respectively.
AAEHRYJUTUTHYER
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