Basic knowledge of nonwovens
1. Definition of nonwoven fabric
Nonwoven fabric (nonwoven), also known as nonwoven fabric and nonwoven fabric.
A sheet, web or mat made of oriented or randomly arranged fibers that are combined with each other through friction, cohesion or adhesion, or a combination of these methods. Excludes paper and woven, knitted, tufted fabrics, stitchbonded fabrics with stitchbonding yarns and wet felt articles (whether or not such articles are needle punched).
Fibers can be natural or chemically processed, and can be short fibers, filaments or fibers formed on the spot.
Note: 1. The difference between wet-laid nonwoven fabrics and wet-laid papermaking is that non-woven fabrics should meet one of the following conditions:
a. Fibers whose fiber composition has a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 300 (excluding Chemically cooked plant fibers) account for more than 50% of the mass;
b. Among the fiber components, fibers with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 300 (excluding chemically cooked plant fibers) account for more than 30% of the mass, and Its density is less than 0.4/c m⒊
2. Viscose fiber is not considered to be chemically cooked plant fiber.
2. Fiber raw materials
There are many types of fiber raw materials suitable for nonwoven fabrics, mainly including natural fibers and chemical fibers. In order to produce nonwoven fabrics with different properties, uses and styles, high-performance special fibers and functional and differentiated fibers can also be used.
(1) Natural fibers: such as cotton, wool, linen, silk, etc.;
(2) Chemical fibers: such as viscose fiber, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, acrylic, vinylon, etc.;
(3) Differentiated fiber, high-performance fiber;
Such as: low melting point thermally bonded fiber (ES fiber, modified polypropylene, copolyamide, copolyester, etc.);
Superfine fiber (denier less than 0.3dtex);
Three-dimensional curly hollow fiber;
Colored fiber;
High-performance fiber (carbon fiber, aramid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherketone, etc.);
Water-soluble fiber (water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber, Hydroxymethyl cellulose fiber, etc.)
(4) Properties of main chemical fibers and special fibers used in nonwovens (table omitted)
3. Classification of nonwovens
Nonwovens There are many classification methods, which can be classified according to the processing route of the nonwoven department: the method of forming the fiber web and the use of the product. The following table is a classification based on the different methods of forming the fiber web of nonwoven fabrics.
IV. Products and Applications of Nonwovens
(1) Nonwovens for Medical and Health Care
Fabrics for diapers and sanitary napkins; surgical blouses, hat covers, shoe covers, masks, face shields , hospital patients, hospital bed sheets, mattresses, pillowcases, antibacterial curtains; wet towels, cotton balls, sterile wraps; leukocyte separation materials, artificial skin; basic materials for labor protection clothing in radiation situations; medical tape base cloth, bandages Base cloth, wound dressing, wound pad, blood-absorbent cloth.
(2) Nonwoven fabrics for household decoration
Carpets and floor coverings;
Carpet backing;
Curtains and curtains;
Tablecloths, bedspreads, wall coverings;
Beds Cloth for covering cushions and furniture;
Artificial turf.
(3) Nonwoven fabrics for clothing
Various clothing decorative linings;
Winter clothing thermal wadding;
Outerwear and underwear;
Clothing accessories (clothing labels, lace, bras, shoulder pads pad, etc.).
(4) Footwear and imitation leather nonwoven fabrics
Fabrics, artificial suede;
Inner linings of shoes, leather bags, and suitcases;
Middle linings and support (reinforcement) materials.
(5) Filter materials
Conventional filter materials: used for air conditioners, kitchen smoke filters, beverage liquid filtration, etc.;
High temperature resistant and anti-corrosion filter materials: used to filter high temperature, Corrosive exhaust gas and dust.
(6) Geotextiles
Geotextiles for seepage trenches for underground drainage and irrigation;
Drainage geotextiles used for separation and reinforcement in highway and railway construction;
Geotextiles for bank slope and dam reinforcement; geotextiles for bridge engineering ; Waste storage pool; impermeable geotextile for artificial pool; waterproof asphalt base cloth.
(7) Automobile industry
Seat covers, sun visors, door soft padding, roof and luggage compartment padding and covering materials, thermal and sound insulation materials, carburetors, air filters, tufted carpet bottoms Cloth; needle-punched terry molded carpet and sofa upholstery material.
(8) Industrial non-woven fabrics
Oil-absorbing materials for oil removal at sea surface in ports and recovery of oil spills in offshore oil production areas;
Electrical insulation materials; battery separator cloth; industrial polishing materials;
Glass reinforced plastic pipes Reinforced base material, industrial tape base material, industrial hose base material.
(9) Nonwoven fabrics for agriculture
Household harvest cloth, anti-frost cloth, anti-insect cloth, soil moisturizing cloth, seedling raising cloth, greenhouse.
(10) Household supplies non-woven fabrics
Wiping cloths, shoeshine cloths, suit covers, furoshiki cloths, bedding collection bags, pillowcases, seat covers, gift bags, tea bags, kitchen filter residue, filter bags Water bag.
(11) Others
Disk liner;
Coated base cloth;
Packaging materials;
Special paper (high-grade banknote printing paper, certificates, map cloth, almanac cloth, oil truck calligraphy cloth).
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