Types of dyes
1. Acid dyes are mostly suitable for protein fibers, nylon fibers and silk. It is characterized by bright color, but poor washing fastness and excellent dry cleaning fastness. It is widely used in natural dead dyeing.
2. Cationic dyes (alkaline fuel), suitable for acrylic, polyester, nylon, cellulose and protein fibers. It is characterized by bright color and is very suitable for man-made fibers, but its color fastness to water washing and light fastness when used for natural cellulose and protein fabrics is very poor.
3. Direct dyes are suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. The washing fastness is relatively poor and the light fastness varies. However, the washing color fastness of modified direct dyes will be greatly improved.
4. Disperse dyes are suitable for viscose, acrylic, nylon, polyester, etc. The washing fastness varies, with polyester being better and viscose being worse.
5. Azo fuel (Naftol dye) is suitable for cellulose fabrics with bright colors and is more suitable for bright colors.
6. Reactive dyes are mostly used in cellulose fiber fabrics and less often in proteins. It is characterized by bright color, light resistance, good washing and rubbing fastness.
7. Sulfur dyes are suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. They are dark in color, mainly navy blue, black and brown. They have excellent light and washing fastness, but poor chlorine bleaching fastness. Long-term storage of fabrics will damage the fibers.
8. Vat dyes are suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. They have good light resistance and washing fastness, and are resistant to chlorine bleaching and other oxidative bleaching.
9. Coating is suitable for all fibers. It is not a dye, but adheres to fibers mechanically through resin. Dark fabrics will harden, but the color registration is very accurate. Most of them have good light fastness and good washing fastness. , especially medium and light colors.
Types of Dyeing
Dyeing of textiles can be carried out at any stage. It can be dyed at different stages such as fiber, yarn, fabric and ready-made garments.
1. Loose fiber dyeing. Before spinning, the fiber or loose fiber is dyed into a large dye vat and dyed at an appropriate temperature. Color spinning mostly adopts the method of loose fiber dyeing (it also has the effect of single dyeing of different fibers), and is often used in woolen woolen fabrics.
2. Top dyeing This is also fiber dyeing before the fibers are made into yarn. The purpose of dyeing the fibers is the same as that of loose fiber dyeing, which is to obtain a soft color mixing effect. Top dyeing is generally used for combed wool yarn and wool fabrics.
3. Yarn dyeing. Yarn is dyed before weaving. It is generally used for colored fabrics, sweaters, etc. or direct use of yarn (sewing thread, etc.). Yarn dyeing is the basis of dyeing and weaving. There are three methods of conventional yarn dyeing:
①Hank dyeing–soaking loose skeins in a special dye vat, which is a high-cost dyeing method;
②Pack dyeing-Pack dyeing The yarn is wound on a bobbin with holes, and then many bobbins are put into the dyeing vat. The dye liquid circulates, and the fluffy effect and softness are not as good as skein dyeing.
③ Warp beam dyeing – it is a kind of large-scale package dyeing. Before weaving, the warp beam (warping) must be made first, and the yarn of the entire warp beam is dyed, such as combining the size dyeing machine and the warp beam. Shaft yarn bundle dyeing. Since it is a warp beam, it is mostly suitable for woven dyeing. But with the emergence of warp beam doffing, we can roll the dyed yarn on the warp beam into cheese yarn. This kind of dyed yarn has a wider range of applications. For example, the vat dyeing method mostly used in indigo dyeing can only be used Beam dyeing can be a good solution. Without warp beam doffing, it is difficult to achieve.
4. Piece dyeing The method of dyeing fabrics is piece dyeing. Commonly used methods include rope dyeing, jet dyeing, jig dyeing, pad dyeing (not tie dyeing) and beam dyeing. I won’t introduce them one by one here.
5. Garment dyeing: Put the garments into nylon bags, put a series of bags into the dye vat, and stir continuously in the dye vat (paddle dyeing machine). Garment dyeing is mostly suitable for most knitted garments such as knitted socks and T-shirts, sweaters, pants, shirts and other simple garments.
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