Textile fibers
1. Definition: Fiber is a natural or synthetic filament-like substance, and textile fiber refers to the fiber used to weave cloth.
2. Characteristics of textile fibers: Textile fibers have certain length, fineness, elasticity, strength and other good physical properties. It also has good chemical stability. For example, natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, and hemp are ideal textile fibers.
3. Textile fiber classification: natural fibers and chemical fibers.
①Natural fibers include plant fibers, animal fibers and mineral fibers.
A Plant fibers such as cotton, hemp, and fruit fibers.
B Animal fibers such as wool, wool, and silk.
C Mineral fibers such as: asbestos.
②Chemical fibers include regenerated fibers, synthetic fibers and inorganic fibers.
A Regenerated fibers such as viscose fiber and acetate fiber.
B Synthetic fibers such as: nylon, polyester, acrylic, spandex, vinylon, polypropylene, etc.
C Inorganic fibers such as: glass fiber, metal fiber, etc.
4. Textile properties of common textile fibers:
① Wool: good hygroscopicity, elasticity and wearability, intolerant to insects, suitable for acidic and metal-binding dyes.
② Silk: hygroscopic, breathable, glossy and wearable, suitable for acidic and direct dyes.
③ Cotton: breathable, hygroscopic, good wearing performance, insect-resistant, suitable for direct reduction of azo, alkaline media, vulcanization, reactive dyes.
④ Viscose fiber: It has hygroscopicity, good air permeability, bright colors, wide sources of raw materials, low cost, properties close to natural fibers, and the same dyes as cotton are suitable.
⑤ Polyester: Fabric, stiff, cool, good shape retention, wear-resistant, dimensional stability, easy to wash and quick-drying, suitable for disperse dyes, diazo disperse dyes, and soluble vat dyes.
⑥ Nylon: Very good wear resistance, poor air permeability, suitable for acid dyes and loose dyes.
⑦ Acrylic: good fluffiness, fur-like feel, suitable for disperse dyes and cationic dyes.
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