With the continuous advancement of textile production technology, more and more new fibers have become the raw materials of textiles, which has brought about the development of fibers for textiles. The problem of identification. Commonly used fiber identification methods include microscopic observation, combustion, reagent color development, dyeing, dissolution, etc.
Make longitudinal slices and cross-sectional slices of fibers, observe the longitudinal and transverse morphology of the fibers under a microscope, and identify the fibers based on differences in morphological characteristics, see Table 1.
Table 1 Morphological characteristics of various fibers
|
Fiber type |
Vertical form |
Sectional shape |
|
Tencel fiber |
Smooth |
More regular round or oval, with skin and core layer |
|
Modal fiber |
1 to 2 vertical grooves |
Irregular, similar to a round waist, smoother, with a leather core |
|
Soy fiber |
Irregular grooves and island-like bumps on the surface |
Flat dumbbell shape and round waist |
|
Bamboo fiber |
There are grooves on the surface |
Zigzag type, with skin and core layer |
|
Chitin fiber |
There are obvious grooves on the surface |
Zigzag edge, obvious small gaps in the core |
|
Viscose fiber |
Grooves on the surface |
Zigzag type, with skin and core layer |
|
Cotton fiber |
With natural twist |
Round waist, with middle cavity |
|
Silk |
Smooth surface |
Irregular triangle |
|
Wool fiber |
Square on the surface |
Circular |
|
Polyester fiber |
Stick |
Smooth round surface |
Different fibers burning During the process, the flame, smoke, odor, residue, etc. will be different. Therefore, fiber types can be distinguished according to the characteristics of the fiber during and after burning, see Table 2.
Table 2 Characteristics of various fibers during and after combustion
