Pre-treatment equipment – silk fabric scouring equipment – open width continuous scouring machine
The silk fabric open-width continuous scouring equipment mainly adopts the VBM long-ring hanging open-width continuous scouring machine produced by the Italian Mezzera company. It is suitable for continuous scouring of real silk and can also be used for chemical fiber silk fabrics. Continuous refinement.
VBM open-width continuous scouring machine is shown in Figure 10-9. This machine is available in single-program and dual-program models. The single-stage process consists of five basic units: silk feeding device, loop forming device, pre-soaking tank, VBM scouring tank, suction drum flat washing machine (or guide roller flat washing machine) and silk dropping device. The double-stage mode is used for scouring silk. On the basis of the single-stage mode, it adds a pre-soaking tank, a VBM scouring tank, an LT-type water washing tank and a guide roller flat washing machine. The whole machine is driven by a DC motor and a compensator. , to achieve the synchronous operation of each unit.
(1) Silk feeding device: The silk feeding device consists of a cloth feeding frame, a cloth guide roller and an electric mechanical edge suction device. The fabric enters the fabric frame and is expanded and centered by the edge suction device, and then introduced into the prepreg tank.
(2) Pre-soak tank: There is a valve at the bottom connected to the scouring tank. There is a stainless steel roller with a diameter of 700mm in the tank that is half immersed in the scouring liquid, which can overfeed the fabric and cover it on the roller to be soaked by the scouring liquid. .
The prepreg tank is located at the upper end of the scouring tank. It contains a 700mm stainless steel roller with a surface covered with holes and a large-flow pump directly connected to two spray pipes. The roller is half-immersed in the scouring liquid. The roller is composed of The main motor is driven through a continuously variable transmission.
After the fabric is fed into the prepreg tank by the overfeed roller, it is wrapped on the roller. The fabric rotates with the roller, and the training liquid is sucked into the center of the roller through the fabric mesh from the periphery of the roller through the action of the pump. Then it is sent to the liquid spray ring forming device at the upper position of the refining tank through a pipeline. The prepreg tank has two functions: first, it moistens the fabric and removes the air in the fiber, making the fabric softer, heavier, and soaked by the scouring liquid. It does not float in the scouring liquid and facilitates loop formation in the scouring tank; Second, during pre-soaking, the fabric shrinks under the action of high-temperature scouring liquid to achieve a pre-shrinking effect, and then the overfeed roller and silk feed loop device are used to make the fabric enter the scouring tank in open width.
(3) VBM type scouring tank: The scouring tank is the main part of the machine, with a length of 8m, a width of 2.1m, and a height of 1.68m. The empty capacity of the scouring tank is 26m3. It is composed of a cloth feeding loop device and a scouring liquid heating system ( It consists of direct and indirect) and circulation devices, a rotating device for hanging silk rods, and an outlet for practicing grooves.
① Loop forming device: After the fabric comes out of the prepreg tank, it is introduced into the overflow tank by the overfeed roller. In order to keep the fabric running continuously, open width and low tension, it passes through a nozzle with a V-shaped slit with adjustable slit size. , the movable guide plate introduces the silk to the silk hanging rod, and uses the liquid flow to drive the fabric to run and form loops. The width of the nozzle slit can be adjusted, generally controlled at 2~3mm. The ring forming device mainly consists of an overfeeding cloth roller, an overflow tank, a nozzle, etc., as shown in Figure 10-10(a).
After the fabric comes out of the prepreg tank, it is pulled by a transmission roller and introduced into the overflow tank. The scouring liquid in the overflow tank is sucked up from the bottom of the refining tank by the circulation pump. The height of the scouring liquid should be kept stable (controlled by the active adjustment device), thereby keeping the liquid volume (i.e., water pressure) of the V-shaped slit nozzle stable. The water pressure difference forms a jet force at the nozzle outlet slit, and the fluid jet force can be adjusted through the regulating valve. In this way, the fabric is rushed into the training groove by the water pressure of the nozzle, and can be completely stretched without folding. Coupled with the uniform horizontal relaxation of the silk hanging rod, the fabric forms a loop on the silk hanging rod. The loop forming process after the fabric enters the training groove is shown in Figure 10-10(b).
A piece of elastic arc-shaped steel plate (called a looper) that can rotate freely is installed at the outlet end of the nozzle. In the initial state, due to the action of gravity, the looper is vertically downward. When the silk hanging rod advances to After contacting the looper, it is gradually lifted up. The fabric slides across the arc surface of the looper and is hung on the silk hanging rod. When the silk hanging rod continues to advance a pitch (about 30mm), it breaks away from the looper. , the looper returns to the initial vertical position under the action of gravity. At this time, the fabric continues to enter the training groove from the nozzle along the arc surface of the looper under the action of hydraulic force, thus forming a suspended ring. When the second silk hanging rod runs below the nozzle, the above process is repeated to form a second hanging ring. Repeat the actions in sequence, and the fabric will repeatedly form a long loop in the training groove, and continue to advance in the training groove as the silk hanging rod continues. The cloth feeding speed and the liquid flow rate can be adjusted to match the running speed of the silk hanging rod to achieve the desired hanging loop length. Obviously, the slower the silk hanging rod is and the faster the cloth feeding speed is, the longer the loop length will be.
②Silk hanging device: The silk hanging device includes a silk hanging rod, a sawtooth device, a sprocket chain mechanism, etc. The silk hanging rod is driven by a sprocket chain mechanism located on both sides. The chain is flat, and the silk hanging rod is inserted into the oblong guide groove in the middle of the chain. The circulating chain moves forward slowly driven by the sprocket, and the silk hanging rod moves with the chain, and its running speed is 10-25m/ It can be adjusted within the range of min. The silk hanging rod is an oval hollow stainless steel tube. The distance between the silk hanging rods is 10mm. The scouring tank can accommodate 200 silk hanging rods. The capacity of the scouring tank is about 400~500m. While the silk hanging rod moves forward under the clamping of the chain, it is also supported by the sawtooth track in the vertical direction, as shown in Figure 10-11.
When the silk hanging rod moves forward, it first rises along the toothed slope with the support of the zigzag track. When it reaches the high point (330mm translation, 40mm rise), it follows the vertical plane of the tooth. Sudden drop, the silk hanging rod suddenly falls due to gravity, and the silk hanging rod and the fabric hanging on the rod are affected by the air.The buoyancy is different, so the falling speed of the two is also different, so the fabric can be instantly separated from the silk hanging rod. When the fabric is hung on the rod again, the original contact point of the silk and silk hanging rod will be changed, or the silk and silk hanging rod will be changed. Loosen the silk rods to facilitate the penetration of the scouring liquid. In this way, the scouring tank has more than twenty saw teeth. Every time it passes through a saw tooth, the silk will change the contact point or loosen once, which prevents the silk from sticking to the hanging silk rod for a long time. Resulting in lumps and other defects.
(4) Training tank cloth discharging device: When the fabric is refined and moves to the rear end of the training tank, above the cloth outlet, the active rotation of the cloth roller is used to make the ring-shaped fabric hanging on the rod It is quickly lifted up, and the cloth output speed adjustment device is used to synchronize the cloth output speed with the chain link running speed.
Since most silk fabrics are relatively light and thin, the fabric may move left and right in the training tank or at the cloth outlet, which affects the cloth output. Therefore, the scoured fabric needs to go through the center positioning device, and the corrected fabric may appear to be off-center in the training tank. Phenomenon. The device adopts pneumatic control and uses two air jets to detect the position of the edge of the fabric. Through the detected air pressure signal, the three rollers are moved up and down to adjust the left and right displacement of the fabric to keep it in the center position. The scouring liquid on the fabric is removed through the two-roller pad, and the warp tension of the fabric is controlled by the tension adjustment device before entering the water washing tank for washing.
(5) Suction drum type flat washing machine: The suction drum type flat washing tank is equipped with a washing wheel with a diameter of 70mm and a stainless steel circular mesh on the surface. When the fabric is attached to the periphery of the circular mesh and is running, a circulating pump is used to suction and spray The washing method forces the water flow through the fabric, so that the impurities adhering to the fabric are taken away by the forced circulating water flow in the net, which improves the washing efficiency.
Generally, there are 2 to 3 flat washing tanks, and there are two-roll rolling cars between the flat washing tanks. In order to completely reduce the tension, the washing wheel of the flat washing tank and the two-roll rolling car are driven independently, and there are automatic tension adjustment devices and automatic stopping devices to control the tension. The flat washing tank is also equipped with direct and indirect steam pipes and steam control devices. The fabric is guided by the overfeeding driving roller to the suction drum roller, and the mesh roller sucks the fabric and moves it forward together, so the fabric is not under tension. The cloth outlet of the flat washing tank in the last compartment is also equipped with a vacuum water suction device. After the fabric is discharged, the fabric is delivered with a flat-width doffing device or a rolled doffing device.
The VBM scouring machine is equipped with a scouring liquid circulation system, a temperature automatic control system and a pH value automatic control system. The equipment’s machinery has a high degree of mechanization and automation, which is conducive to ensuring stable product quality, improving production efficiency, and reducing labor intensity. During the scouring process, the fabric is suspended in a single layer, so the degumming is even and there are no defects such as gray damage, white fog, or hanging loop marks. It can overcome the degumming difference between barrels during intermittent scouring, thereby improving the matching of colored silk. Defects such as unevenness, head and tail depth, and page flowers can greatly improve the dyeing and printing quality of silk fabrics. However, because the refining time is shorter than that of the hanging scouring process, the whiteness is not as good as that of the hanging scouring process. Therefore, it is generally not used to produce whitened finished products.
The VBM scouring machine is an ideal equipment for scouring silk interlaced fabrics, viscose yarns, polyester low-elastic fabrics, nylon and other fabrics. With the development and application of high-efficiency scouring agents, the machine has been used for scouring real silk. Mature, which is more suitable for medium-thick satin-twill fabrics. However, there are still certain difficulties in refining light fabrics such as georgette and crepe and heavy silk.
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