What are flame retardant materials?</p
阻燃材料是能够抑制或者延滞燃烧而自己并不容易燃烧的材料，广泛应用于服装、石油、化工、冶金、造船、消防、国防等领域。阻燃材料主要有有机和无机，卤素和非卤。有机是以溴系、氮系和红磷及化合物为代表的一些阻燃剂，无机主要是三氧化二锑、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝，硅系等阻燃体系。
阻燃材料的制品主要可分为阻燃织物、阻燃化学纤维、阻燃塑料、阻燃橡胶、防火涂料、阻燃木质材料及阻燃纸、无机不燃填充材料等7大类。
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Flame retardant material grade</p
阻燃材料等级UL94阻燃等级共有12种：HB、V-0、V-1、V-2、5VA、5VB、VTM-0、VTM-1、HBF、HF-1、HF-2。
可燃性UL94等级是应用广泛的塑料材料可燃性能标准。它用来评价材料在被点燃后熄灭的能力。根据燃烧速度、燃烧时间、抗滴能力以及滴珠是否燃烧可有多种评判方法。每种被测材料根据颜色或厚度都可以得到许多值。当选定某个产品的材料时，其UL等级应满足塑料零件壁部分的厚度要求。UL等级应与厚度值一起报告，只报告UL等级而没有厚度是不够的。
The flame retardant grade of plastic increases step by step from HB, V-2, V-1 to V-0: </p
1、HB：UL94标准中底的阻燃等级。要求对于3到13毫米厚的样品，燃烧速度小于40毫米每分钟;小于3毫米厚的样品，燃烧速度小于70毫米每分钟;或者在100毫米的标志前熄灭。
2、V-2：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在60秒内熄灭。可以有燃烧物掉下。
3、V-1：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在60秒内熄灭。不能有燃烧物掉下。
4、V-0：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在30秒内熄灭。不能有燃烧物掉下。
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Three types of polymer flame retardant materials</p
In the past, halogen-containing flame retardant materials were widely used, but halogen-containing flame retardant materials have an obvious shortcoming, that is, halogen-containing flame retardant materials will produce a large amount of toxic gases after burning. These gases are not only harmful to people It will cause certain damage to the body and also affect the environment. Therefore, more environmentally friendly flame retardant materials have emerged to replace halogen-containing flame retardant materials. �尤其是在进入21世纪之后，各种高分子阻燃材料的涌现让我们的生活变得更加美好� �</p
高分子阻燃材料通常分为三大类，分别是聚合物阻燃材料、水合金属氧化物阻燃材料以及磷硅添加阻燃材料。
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Polymer flame retardant materials</p
所谓的聚合物阻燃材料是指用特殊技术制得的无机物分散在聚合物之中，进而形成的一种新型复合阻燃材料� �这种新型的阻燃材料具有密度小，机械强度强度高的优点，因此能够更好的发挥阻燃效果� The emergence of this new type of flame retardant material not only greatly enhances the flame retardancy, but also makes the use of flame retardant materials more extensive. For example, it can be used as heat-resistant materials, etc., which also makes the new flame retardant materials more attractive in the market. competitiveness �</p
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Hydrated metal oxide flame retardant materials</p
其实这类阻燃材料就是一种填充剂，现在使用的也是十分广泛，例如氢氧化镁或是氢氧化铝等等。首先就是使用成本非常的低廉，另外就是这类阻燃材料具有很强的环保性，不会产生有毒气体。主要原理就是利用金属氧化镁受热后释放出水分，可以吸收热量，从而达到阻燃的目的。
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Phosphorus silicon added flame retardant materials</p
There are mainly two types of flame retardant materials, one is silicone flame retardant and the other is inorganic silicon flame retardant. These two flame retardants have the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and non-toxicity, and have been widely used. User praise and favor �</p
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Flame retardant materials urgently need strict standards and strong supervision</p
近年来，国内公交车发生火灾事件不在少数。公交车内饰材料的阻燃标准过低，是造成人员和财产损失的重要原因。
中国阻燃学会秘书长周政懋表示，公交车失火案暴露的阻燃材料标准偏低问题只是冰山一角。在我国，阻燃材料领域监管不严、法规执行不到位、市场混乱才是更为核心的亟待解决的问题。这些问题如果处理不好，不仅阻碍着阻燃材料行业的健康发展，而且产生大量的火灾隐患。
作为阻燃材料专家，周政懋认为，经过几十年的发展，目前我国的阻燃化工品产业基础已经奠定，无论在技术上，还是在产品性能、数量和品种上，国产阻燃化工品都可���Meet the needs of the domestic market. There are as many as three to four thousand companies producing flame retardant materials, with more than 100 large-scale companies, and some leading companies also have a certain influence internationally.
近10年来，我国阻燃剂的增长率保持在15%～20%，目前年消费量在57万吨左右，2019年我国阻燃剂的消费量将增加到84万吨左右� �尽管我国阻燃剂的消费总量高于世界平均水平，但从比例上看，我国阻燃材料的应用还远远低于世界平均水平，与欧美发达国家的差距更大� A set of data provided by Zhou Zhengmao is sufficient to prove this point: Take plastics as an example. In 2012, about 10% of global plastic materials were added with flame retardants. The figure in developed countries in Europe and the United States was 15% to 20%, while China’s flame retardants Burning plastic accounts for less than 2% of plastic products �</p
“I think the key to the reason for this situation lies in our insufficient understanding of the importance of flame retardant materials and lax supervision and law enforcement.” Zhou Zhengmao said that the lack of understanding is mainly reflected in the fire department’s firefighting work focusing on the back end. , that is, how to put out fires after a fire occurs. Sensors, alarms, fire-fighting facilities, etc. are the focus of supervision. Not enough attention is paid to whether the materials are flame-retardant, and this is precisely the key to preventing fires before they “burn”. �</p
而管理不到位，有关国家标准不全、不严，是造成阻燃化工品市场混乱的重要原因。目前，该用阻燃材料的产品中并没有按照国家标准的要求使用阻燃材料。执法不严会导致市场混乱，阻燃材料与非阻燃材料的价格相差30%～50%。于是，偷工减料、以假充真、以次充好的现象就屡见不鲜。为此，周政懋建议，我国应加快相关阻燃产品标准的修订和第三方检测机构的设立，进一步完善相关法规，加强监管，让阻燃材料起到应有的阻燃防火作用。
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Article source: China Chemical Industry News
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