1. Selection of fiber raw materials
When designing textiles, raw materials should be selected based on the end use of the finished product. On the premise of meeting the design requirements, fiber materials that are not prone to pilling should be selected.
Cotton fibers among natural fibers Anti-pilling polyester fibers among synthetic fibers. Anti-pilling fibers can be produced by introducing a third monomer into the polyester fiber macromolecules. For example, adding a third monomer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ortho- or meta-phthalic acid, or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid copolymerization can produce anti-pilling fibers. Pilling fibers can be made into very good suit fabrics, as well as sportswear, casual clothes, shirts, bedding and decorative items. Polyester fibers can also be made to resist pilling by making polyester or special-shaped cross-section yarns with lower strength. effect.
In addition, before spinning, the cotton should be properly blended, comprehensively considering the fineness, length, curl and other factors of the fiber, and the proportion of cotton should be reasonably controlled
2. Improve spinning and weaving technology
The anti-pilling performance of yarns spun by air-jet spinning is better than that by ring spinning. With ring spinning, the longer fibers tend to be concentrated in the middle of the yarn, while the shorter ones are on the outside, causing pilling.
In the process before combing, the cotton or cotton sliver is fully combed to reduce the impurities in the cotton or cotton sliver and improve the cotton quality by controlling the yarn count, yarn twist, changing the fabric structure, increasing the tightness, etc. The anti-pilling properties of the fabric have a certain effect, but the fabric’s feel and appearance will be affected.
Cotton fabric singeing biopolishing Biopolishing is a finishing process that uses cellulase to improve the surface of cotton fabrics to achieve long-lasting resistance to pilling and increase the smoothness and softness of the fabric. Biopolishing removes the tiny fibers that protrude from the surface of the yarn.
Enzyme hydrolysis and mechanical impact jointly remove the fluff and fiber ends on the surface of the fabric, making the fabric structure clearer and the color brighter. The use of biopolishing has a long-lasting effect in reducing the pilling tendency of the fabric.
3. Resin finishing
For anti-pilling of cotton fabrics, biopolishing can be mainly used. Sometimes it can be combined with singeing and resin finishing. However, singeing is not durable and the focus is on surface treatment. Resin finishing will affect the feel of the fabric.
4. Wool fabric
Oxidation method
The mechanism of the oxidation method is to use various oxidants combined with resin to peel off the scales on the surface of wool fibers, remove the directional friction effect, and add resin finishing to control the outward slippage of the fibers. The disadvantage of this method is that if it is not properly controlled, the fiber strength will be lost too much, so it is mainly used for wool fibers.
Reduction method
The mechanism of the reduction method is similar to that of the oxidation method, except that a reducing agent is used to achieve the purpose.
Chlorination
The chlorination method, also known as the chlorine oxidation method, is essentially the result of the joint action of chlorination and oxidation reactions, in which the oxidation reaction plays a key role. Chlorination is a heavy chlorination treatment of wool fibers to strip away the scales on the surface of the wool fibers.
Low temperature plasma treatment
Plasma only touches the surface of the fiber and causes little damage to the fiber. The treatment mechanism is: through the oxidation reaction of excited gas molecules activated into a plasma state and the sputtering effect of accelerated gas particles, impurities and even scale layers on the surface of the wool are destroyed. The reaction generates H2O, CO, CO2 plasma gas and is removed from the fiber surface, thereby improving shrinkage resistance and pilling resistance
Biopolishing
Wool fabrics can also be biopolished with protease to improve the material structure of the scale layer on the surface of wool fibers, remove the directional friction effect, and improve the anti-felting and anti-pilling properties of wool fabrics. Silk Protein Finishing When silk protein is treated with wool fabrics, it is mainly distributed in uneven areas or gaps, filling in the unevenness on the surface of the wool fiber caused by scales, reducing the difference between the forward and reverse friction factors on the surface of the wool fiber, and the silk protein film can Cross-linking occurs between fibers or bonding occurs at the intertwined points on the fiber surface, thereby reducing slippage between fibers. After the fibers are entangled, since the difference in forward and reverse friction factors is weakened, the fibers are also easy to unentangle, thus changing the pilling resistance of the wool fabric.
Nano sol-gel finishing Nano sol-gel finishing is a new type of anti-pilling finishing technology. It uses the sol-gel method to form a protein film and coats it on the surface of cashmere knitted fabrics to achieve an anti-pilling effect. This method is beneficial to ecological and environmental protection and will attract more and more people’s attention.
Resin finishing
Resin finishing mainly uses polymer resin to bond fiber points to restrict their movement and reduce pilling.
Resin is a polymer that uses the function of cross-linking of resin to form a film on the fiber surface to cover the fiber surface with a wear-resistant resin film to weaken the slip of the fiber; at the same time, the resin is evenly cross-linked and condensed on the surface of the yarn , so that the fiber ends adhere to the yarn and are less likely to pill when rubbed; or form a very thin breathable and moisture-permeable film on the surface of the fabric to make the hairiness adhere tightly to the fabric surface, thereby preventing the fiber ends from sliding to the fabric Pilling is formed on the surface.
This method is generally not selective for fibers and is especially suitable for blended and interwoven fabrics. The finishing effect is determined by the product and process.
The selected resin must have a greater bonding force with the fiber, and it should also have a certain strength, and it must have good properties after finishing.��Elasticity and smooth but not sticky feel, the adhesive film does not affect the fastness and color of the dye, the working fluid must be stable, easy to operate, and low in price. The resin finishing process is simple. It only needs to be dehydrated by padding or impregnating the fabric with the prepared working solution, and then pre-baking and then baking or drying directly.
Commonly used polymer resins include acrylic, acrylate and water-based polyurethane adhesives. Among them, water-based polyurethane adhesives have good film-forming properties and permeability, and can form a film on the surface of the fabric and penetrate into the fiber at the same time, making the fabric more durable. The fiber and plush are cross-linked and bonded to form a network membrane structure, which has the advantages of less impact on the fabric’s feel, color and whiteness. In recent years, it is gradually being applied and promoted in improving the fabric’s resistance to pilling.
With resin finishing, the amount of resin is increased and the anti-pilling effect of the fabric is also improved. Since resin affects the feel, it generally needs to be considered comprehensively to meet customer requirements.
5.Polyester fabric
Alkaline weight reduction treatment of polyester with organic amine or inorganic strong alkali can reduce the fiber strength and improve the anti-pilling performance. Although this method is effective, it is not easy to control.
►For polyester-cotton blended fabrics, surface fibers and protruding fibers can be removed by singeing or singeing on both sides; for polyester/cellulose fiber and polyester/wool blended fabrics, appropriate heat setting is used to set the yarn and Appropriate overfeeding can also have an anti-pilling effect. For polyester fabrics, one forward and one reverse are used in the singeing process, and a weak fire is used to avoid overburning. If the singeing and heat setting processes are strengthened, the fabric will easily lose its plumpness, resulting in a hard and rough hand feel, which will limit its application.
►With the development of biotechnology in recent years, suitable biological enzymes have been used for surface polishing treatment of polyester fibers. After surface polishing treatment of biological enzymes, the anti-pilling performance of polyester fabrics has also been improved.
►Resin finishing is suitable for various fibers and fabrics, especially polyester fabrics. Polyester fabrics can be treated with acrylic polymer emulsion or thermosetting resin to improve their pilling. The strong adhesive force of the resin is used to point-bond the fibers to limit fiber movement and reduce pilling.
6. Blended and interwoven fabrics
►Fabrics are woven from at least two kinds of fibers. Generally, resin finishing methods are used to improve the pilling phenomenon of blended and interwoven fabrics.
7. Others
►Making fabrics anti-wrinkle, stiff, antistatic, anti-fouling, soft and smooth can also improve the anti-pilling properties of fabrics to varying degrees. After cotton fabrics are wrinkle-resistant and stiff, the fabrics have improved resistance to pilling
After anti-static or anti-fouling finishing, the pilling phenomenon of synthetic fiber fabrics has also been reduced. After the fabric is soft and smooth, the friction on the surface is reduced, and the pilling performance of the fabric is improved. For example, silicone softener finishing can impart softness to fabrics and improve pilling resistance through film formation. The amount of softening and smoothing agent must be appropriate to avoid excessive softening and lubrication, otherwise it will cause the fibers to move to the surface and cause pilling.
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