With the steady increase in the income of our country’s residents, the gradual improvement of health awareness, and the comprehensive rollout of community-based national fitness programs, sports have become an important part of people’s daily leisure activities, and sportswear is increasingly favored by people. It has become an increasingly important clothing product. The quality and safety of sportswear is directly related to the health and life safety of the people. Defective sportswear can easily cause danger and cause harm to athletes.
At present, my country’s main standards related to the quality and safety of sportswear include the following:
GB18401-2010 “National Basic Safety Technical Specifications for Textile Products” is a mandatory standard that stipulates several chemical safety indicators such as color fastness, odor, formaldehyde, pH value and decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes of products, mainly to prevent Discomfort, allergies or potential carcinogenic factors caused by contact with the human body are currently the main basis for my country’s supervision of the quality and safety of sportswear products.
GB/T18885-2009 “Technical Requirements for Ecological Textiles” is a recommended standard that specifies allergenic dyes, PVC plasticizers, extractable heavy metals, organochlorine carriers, volatile substance release, chlorine-containing phenols, organotin compounds, insecticides Chemical safety requirements such as agents, antibacterial finishing, and flame retardant finishing.
GB/T22853-2009 “Knitted Sportswear). GB/T21980-2008 “General Technical Specifications for Professional Sportswear and Protective Equipment” recommended standards mainly stipulate knitted sportswear and professional sportswear and protective equipment produced with textile woven fabrics as the main raw materials. The product quality of supplies, including the testing of washing dimensional change rate, color fastness, fiber composition, moisture permeability and other items, is currently the main basis for supervision and spot inspection of sportswear.
QB/T1616-2005 “Sports Gloves”, FZ/T73037-2010 “Knitted Sports Socks” and other standards are gloves, socks and apparel products that are currently matched with sportswear.
Consumers’ concerns about the quality of sportswear mainly focus on whether it is easy to pill during wearing, whether it will fade and stain clothes, whether it is easy to crack during exercise, and whether it has good moisture permeability. The key indicators of sportswear are mainly divided into two categories. One is physical performance indicators, including moisture permeability, color fastness, mechanical properties, pilling, etc.; the other is chemical safety indicators, including formaldehyde content, pH value, It can decompose carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes, phthalates, APEO, etc. In addition, identification labels also play an important role as a tool for manufacturers to convey product information to consumers.
(1) Physical performance indicators
1) Moisture permeability
Moisture permeability is an important part of the thermal comfort evaluation of sportswear. During exercise, the human body will produce a large amount of sweat. Clothing with good moisture permeability can allow the sweat emitted by the human body to be transmitted to the outside world in the form of water vapor through the fabric, preventing sweat from accumulating and condensing. Between the body surface and the fabric, in order to maintain the comfort of the clothing, the moisture permeability of the clothing can currently be achieved through fibers, coatings, laminated waterproof and moisture-permeable membranes, etc.
2) Mechanical properties
The main indicators include the bursting strength and seam strength of knitted sportswear and the crotch seam strength, tearing strength and tearing strength of woven sportswear. People often have greater exercise intensity and range of motion during exercise. The mechanical properties of clothing cannot meet standard requirements. During use, it is easy to cause fabric rupture, shoulder seams, side seams, etc. to come apart, resulting in Some embarrassing situations happen.
3) Color fastness
Color fastness is an assessment of the fastness of dyes attached to fibers and fabrics, especially the changes in color and luster of fabrics after being soaked in water, sweat, saliva, soaping, sun exposure or friction. Sportswear is usually washed frequently and is exposed to a lot of sunlight. During exercise, the clothing will come into contact with a large amount of sweat from the human body, and the spliced and dyed parts are prone to cross-dying. Therefore, sportswear should have good soaping resistance. Fastness, color fastness to light, color fastness to perspiration and splicing mutual dye fastness, etc.
4) Pilling
When people are exercising, the clothing is subject to mechanical friction while wearing it, and the fibers are exposed on the surface of the fabric to form fluff. After continued friction, the fibers become tangled and then balled. If the pilling does not meet the standard requirements, it will seriously affect the appearance of the clothing. There are many factors that affect pilling, including fiber type, fiber fineness, yarn twist, tissue structure, fabric style, finishing technology, wearing habits, etc.
(2) Chemical indicators
1) Formaldehyde content
Formaldehyde is a colorless organic substance with a pungent odor that is easily soluble in water. Textiles are used in resin finishing and color fixation processes. It is often used to improve the durability of additives on fabrics, especially in the finishing process of functional clothing. GB18401-2010 stipulates that infant products should comply with Category A ≤ 2Omg/kg, products with direct contact with skin should at least comply with Category B ≤ 75mg/kg, and products with indirect skin contact should at least comply with Category C ≤ 300mg/kg.
2) pH value
The pH value is an indicator for assessing the acidity and alkalinity of fabrics. Since human skin is slightly acidic (the pH value of healthy skin is 5. 0-5. 6), GB 18401-2010 stipulates that the pH value of infant products should be 4. 0-7. 5. The pH value of products in direct contact with the skin should be 4. 0-8. 5, and the pH value of products not in direct contact with the skin should be 4. 0-9. 0.
3) Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes
Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes are one of the basic quality indicators for clothing products. GB18401-2010 stipulates that there are 24 types of azo dyes that can reduce carcinogenic aromatic amines that are prohibited, in line with international standards, and the maximum limit value is 20mg/kg.
4) Phthalates, APEO, etc.
In order to improve the outdoor performance of sportswear, manufacturers will add some textile auxiliaries to improve its wearing performance. For example, if the phthalate content exceeds the standard, it may affect the development of children’s sexual characteristics. APEO includes nonylphenol polyoxyethylene. Ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, dinonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, have many excellent functions such as wetting, penetration, emulsification, dispersion, solubilization, and decontamination. , so there are many varieties and large amounts of textile auxiliaries involved. Wearing clothing with such chemicals exceeding the standard for sports is harmful to human health.
(3) Identification label
Identification labels are a tool to convey product performance, quality status, maintenance methods and other information to consumers, including the manufacturer’s name and address, product name, size (specification), raw material composition and content, washing and maintenance methods, execution standards, Product grade, safety technology category, product qualification certificate and other information. (Reprinted from China Quality News Network)
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