⑴Cannot achieve the desired feel
The soft style of soft finishing varies with customer requirements, such as soft, smooth, fluffy, waxy, oily, dry and slippery, etc. Different softeners are selected according to different styles. Among soft sheets, there are softener sheets with different structures, which have different softness, fluffiness, slipperiness, yellowing, and influence on fabric water absorption. In silicone oil, the properties of modified silicone oil with different modified genes are also different, such as amino silicone oil, hydroxyl silicone oil, epoxy modified silicone oil, carboxyl modified silicone oil, etc., all have different properties.
⑵The color turns yellow
Among soft sheets, cationic soft sheets are soft and have good hand feel. They are easily adsorbed on fabrics and are prone to yellowing and discoloration, which affects hydrophilicity. Amino silicone oil is currently the most widely used silicone oil. Amino groups can cause discoloration and yellowing. Cationic surfactants such as 1227, 1831, and 1631 are sometimes used as emulsifiers during emulsion polymerization. These emulsifiers can also cause yellowing. Different emulsifiers are used when emulsifying silicone oil, and their “color stripping effects” are different, which will cause color stripping and light color under different circumstances, which is considered a discoloration.
⑶The hydrophilicity of the fabric decreases
Generally, the structural problems of the film used, the lack of water-absorbing genes after the silicone oil film is formed, and the blocking of water-absorbing centers such as the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers, carboxyl groups, and amino groups on wool cause the water absorption to decrease.
Treatment method: Anionic, non-ionic film and hydrophilic silicone oil should be used as much as possible.
⑷Dark spots
Causes: ① The oil stains on the fabric were not removed during pre-treatment, and the oil stains were darker in color during dyeing. ② There is too much foam in the dyeing bath, and the mixture of foam, floral sweaters, dyes, etc. stains the fabric. ③The defoaming agent drifts oil and causes dark oil spots. ④The tar-like substance in the dye vat is stained on the fabric. ⑤Dye agglomerates under different circumstances to form dark stains. ⑥Excessive calcium and magnesium ions in the water combine with dyes and stain the fabric.
Treatment method: ① Add degreaser for refining during pre-treatment. ②Dyeing auxiliaries use low-foaming and non-foaming auxiliaries. ③Choose defoaming agents that are less prone to oil drift, add chelating agents to improve water quality, and add dispersants to prevent dye aggregation. Use tank cleaning agent to clean and wash the tank promptly.
⑸Light spots
Reasons: ① The pre-treatment is uneven, and the hair effect in some parts is not good, resulting in a certain dye-repellent property and containing dye-repellent substances. During pre-treatment, the cloth contains calcium soap, magnesium soap, etc. or the mercerization is uneven. ② Semi-finished products are unevenly dried. ③The cloth surface is stained with solids such as undissolved Yuanming powder and soda ash. ④ Add water to the dyed material before drying. ⑤Stains caused by additives during post-finishing such as softening of dyed goods.
Treatment method: Strengthen pre-treatment. When selecting pre-treatment additives, it must be difficult to form calcium magnesium soap, and pre-treatment must be uniform and thorough (this is related to the selection of scouring agent, penetrating agent, chelating dispersant, mercerizing penetrating agent, etc.). Yuanming powder, soda ash, etc. must be melted into the tank and production management must be strengthened.
⑹Causes of alkali spots: Alkali removal after pre-treatment (such as bleaching, mercerization) is not clean or uniform, resulting in alkali spots.
Treatment method: The de-alkali process of the pre-treatment process must be strengthened.
⑺Softener stains
Cause: The soft flaking material is not good, and there are lumps of softener adhering to the fabric. There is too much foam after the soft sheet material is turned into a soft sheet. When the cloth comes out of the vat, the cloth will be stained with softener foam. The water quality is poor, the hardness is too high, and the impurities in the water combine with the softener and aggregate on the fabric. The cloth surface contains anionic substances, which combine with the cationic softener to form stains during the softening process, or the cloth surface contains alkali, which causes the softener to agglomerate. Softeners have different structures, and some cause the softener to change from an emulsified state to a slag-like substance that adheres to the fabric at higher temperatures. The tar-like softener and other substances originally in the tank fell off and stuck to the fabric.
⑻Silicon oil stains
Cause: The PH value of the cloth surface is not neutral, especially if it contains alkali, causing the silicone oil to break down and float. The water quality of the treatment bath is too poor and the hardness is too high. Silicone oil can easily float in water with a hardness of >150PPM. Silicone oil quality problems include poor emulsification (poor emulsifier selection, poor emulsification process, too large emulsified particles, etc.) and intolerance to shearing. Choose silicone oil that is resistant to shear, electrolytes, and pH changes, but pay attention to the use method and environment of the silicone oil. You can also consider choosing hydrophilic silicone oil.
⑼Poor fluffing
Poor raising is closely related to the operation of the raising machine (such as tension control, raising roller speed, etc.). When applying softener (commonly known as waxing), controlling the dynamic and static friction coefficients of the fabric is key, so the preparation of fluff softener is key. If the softener is not used properly, it will directly cause poor fluffing.
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