Yancheng: Cultivation of high-yielding and efficient cotton in the Yangtze River Basin
At the end of October, Maihou cotton in the Dafeng cotton planting base in Yancheng, Jiangsu ushered in a bumper harvest season. The varieties and supporting production technologies cultivated by the national key research and development plan “Cultivation of new high-yielding and efficient cotton varieties in the Yangtze River Basin” project also ushered in the harvest season. On-site inspections by expert groups and cotton farmers. At the “Yangtze River Basin High-yielding and Efficient New Cotton Variety Cultivation” project results exhibition and observation meeting, the expert group conducted on-site production estimates of the 24 new cotton varieties participating in the display. The expert group unanimously believed that these excellent varieties cultivated by the project team have achieved high yields with the support of supporting technologies. Among them, “Zhongmian 425” has the most outstanding performance. The yield test result in Dafeng was 344 kilograms per mu, and the yield test result in Xinghua was 344 kilograms per mu. The yield per mu is 440 kilograms. It is particularly worth mentioning that “Zhongmian 425” is an extremely early-maturing variety with a growth period of only 98 days and excellent fiber quality. It is suitable for direct seeding after oil and wheat in the Yangtze River Basin, and can effectively alleviate the conflict between grain and cotton in the Yangtze River Basin.
The cotton area in the Yangtze River Basin has sufficient sunlight and rainfall, making it a traditional high-quality cotton production base. However, due to rising labor costs in recent years, low mechanization levels, and prominent conflicts over land for grain and cotton, cotton planting area has declined sharply, threatening the security of the cotton industry. In order to solve these industrial problems, the “Cultivation of New High-yielding and Efficient Cotton Products in the Yangtze River Basin” project was established in 2018. It is led by the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Huazhong Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Hunan Provincial Cotton The research institute and other 21 superior cotton scientific research units in the Yangtze River Basin are jointly responsible for the project.
Project leader Song Guoli, a researcher at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that after three years of scientific and technological research, the project team has cultivated 28 new cotton varieties suitable for planting in the Yangtze River Basin, and obtained 8 new plant variety protection rights. There are 14 sets of supporting high-yielding and efficient cotton production technologies, which have realized “good varieties and good methods” for cotton production in the Yangtze River Basin, solving problems such as mechanical harvesting and competition for land between grain and cotton in the Yangtze River Basin.
Standing in the cotton field and looking around, the mature cotton stands out from the cotton husks. The new cotton variety in front of us is “Zhongmian 425”, an early-maturing cotton variety with transgenic insect-resistant genes newly selected by the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. “Zhongmian 425” has a plant height of about 90 centimeters and a delicate plant shape, which is suitable for direct seeding after wheat (oil). “Zhongmian 425” contains insect-resistant genes and is resistant to bollworm, high resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt. It has wide adaptability, high yield and excellent fiber quality. According to experts, “Zhongmian 425” is suitable for direct seeding in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and other places in the Yangtze River Basin of my country after rapeseed or wheat is harvested to achieve a two-season rotation of rapeseed, wheat and cotton.
Experts and representatives attending the meeting agreed that the project team’s cultivation of excellent varieties and supporting production technologies developed not only solved the problem of land competition for grain and cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, but also promoted the development of mechanization of cotton production throughout the process, and significantly improved the efficiency of cotton planting. , and wheat queen cotton avoids the high-incidence periods of blight, verticillium wilt and major insect pests, and has obvious weight loss and pesticide reduction effects, thus increasing farmers’ comprehensive income, which will surely lead the future direction of cotton production. After these results are widely promoted, they will effectively alleviate the year-by-year decline in cotton planting area in the Yangtze River Basin and ensure the sustainable development of the cotton industry.
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