2022 Guidance Opinions on Cotton Preliminary Production Technology in the Yangtze River Basin Cotton Region

Mechanical direct seeding of cotton after wheat (oil) production and seedling transplantation of cotton are the two main methods of cotton cultivation in the cotton areas of the Yangtze River Basin. In view of the current production characteristics and meteorological conditions of the cotton areas in the Yangtze River Basin, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant experts from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Cotton Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, studied and formulated the “2022 Early Cotton Production in the Yangtze River Basin Cotton Areas” Technical Guidance Opinions.

1. Live cotton after wheat (oil) production

Achieving concentrated cotton budding, concentrated boll formation, and concentrated cotton tufting is the core of simple and efficient management and group control of direct-seeded cotton after wheat (oil). Technical implementation should be carried out in the following links.

(1) Variety selection. Select cotton varieties that are suitable for planting in this area, have compact plant type, are sensitive to chemical regulation, have strong boll-forming properties, have concentrated boll formation, have a growth period of 110 days, and have high yield and high quality.

(2) Preparation before sowing. After the previous crop is harvested, the straw is returned to the field and sufficient base fertilizer is applied. In principle, organic fertilizer is mainly used, and organic fertilizer is mixed with chemical fertilizer. Generally, about 150 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer and 25-30 kilograms of 45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu. At the same time, land preparation is carried out and the cotton field furrow system is prepared according to mechanical needs.

(3) Sow all the seedlings in one go. According to the mechanical harvesting requirements of brush-roller or spindle-type cotton pickers, set the cotton row spacing to 76 cm or 81 cm, and carry out mechanical precision sowing before the end of May when the soil moisture is suitable, with 1-2 grains per hole and a sowing depth of 2 -3 cm, the planting density is determined according to the soil fertility, generally 5000-7500 plants per acre. When the soil moisture is insufficient, water in time after sowing and irrigate and drain quickly. Avoid flooding with heavy water.

(4) Field management. The first is closed weeding. After sowing and before emergence, use aniline chemical herbicides to spray evenly and directionally along the sowing rows for pre-emergence closed weeding. The second is to clear ditches and manage moisture. After the cotton fields are watered, ditches should be cleared in time to collect moisture, and early stage soil-reducing management of the cotton fields should be carried out. The third is to promote early onset and balance. According to the soil fertility condition and the growth and appearance of cotton seedlings, it is appropriate to apply seedling fertilizer or spray 1% urea solution to promote early emergence and balanced growth of cotton seedlings. The fourth is to cultivate and loosen the soil. During the seedling stage, use a cultivator to till and loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding to promote early growth and growth of cotton seedlings. The fifth is pest control. In the seedling and bud stages, pests such as Lygus gossypii, cotton thrips, cotton aphids, and spider mites are mainly used. Sixth, moderate control. Normal growth of cotton seedlings during the budding stage is not controlled, but strong growth of cotton seedlings should be lightly controlled. Use 0.5-1.0 grams of mediamine per mu.

2. Transplanting cotton after wheat (oil)

It is necessary to implement key control technologies to achieve a coordinated increase in the yield and quality of transplanted cotton after wheat (oil).

(1) Variety selection. Select high-yield and high-quality cotton varieties that are suitable for planting in this area, are sensitive to chemical regulation, have high quality and high yield, have strong boll-forming properties, have great potential to increase yield after boll formation, and have a growth period of 130 days.

(2) Breeding seedlings simply. The first is seedbed preparation. Make the seedbed 5-7 days before sowing. Generally, the width of the border is 1.2-1.3 meters (two plug trays can be placed horizontally). The surface of the border should be leveled and compacted before spreading non-woven fabric. Generally, in late April, “cold tail and warm head” are used to catch the clear weather and sow the seeds. The second is matrix loading. Before loading, adjust the moisture content of the substrate so that water flows out when pinched with your hands and it falls to a height of 30 cm and falls to the ground. After loading the substrate into the plug tray, scrape the surface of the tray and pour enough water evenly to make the substrate sink naturally. It is advisable that the water does not flow out of the plug tray. The third is to make sowing pits. Use a hole tray to press out the holes, the appropriate depth should be 1.5 cm. The fourth is precision sowing. Sow 1 seed in 1 hole, cover it with substrate and scrape it flat. Arrange the plug trays neatly on the seedbed, water them evenly, spray the seedbed evenly with 40% carbendazim 600 times, and cover it with non-woven fabric. The fifth is to build a shed and cover it with film. The shed is 50-80 centimeters high and about 1.8 meters wide. Cover the scaffolding with film, tighten it and compact it, and open drainage ditches around the seedbed.

(3) Seedbed management. The first is pre-emergence management. Control the temperature in the shed to not exceed 35°C and the relative humidity to 75%-90%. If the temperature in the shed exceeds 35°C, a sunshade net can be added to cool it down. Remove the non-woven fabric when the cotton seedlings are almost ready. The second is post-emergence management. The optimum seedbed temperature is 20-30°C, and water should be sprayed in time in case of drought. Ventilate when more than 80% of the seedlings have emerged, and the size of the vents should be adjusted according to weather changes; after 2-3 days of ventilation, if the lowest temperature is higher than 15°C, ventilation can be done day and night without covering the film. In case of rainy or windy weather, please pay attention to protection. After emergence, as ventilation increases and temperature rises, the seedbed loses water quickly. Watering can be done in a timely manner according to the substrate and seedling condition. The appropriate watering time is from 3 to 7 p.m. The third is management before transplanting. From the second true leaf of cotton seedlings to transplanting, the seedbed temperature is controlled at around 25°C. Remove the film and harden the seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting.

(4) Transplant in time. When the cotton seedlings reach more than 2 leaves and 1 heart (seedling age is 25-30 days), they should be transplanted as soon as possible after the previous crop is harvested and the moisture is suitable. When transplanting, water enough and keep the root surface about 2 cm below the soil surface. The appropriate transplanting density is 2,400-3,000 plants per acre (the row spacing is about 80-100 cm).

(5) Management after transplanting. Check the seedlings 5-7 days after transplanting to fill the gaps. Timely early management promotes early onset, cultivating to eliminate stubble, clearing ditches and draining water, preventing diseases and pests, and topdressing to promote balance. For moderate control of seedling conditions, normal growth of cotton seedlings in the bud stage should not be controlled, but vigorous growth of cotton seedlings should be lightly controlled. Use 1.0-1.5 grams of metropamine per mu.

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